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Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 2 (314) 2011 Normally, Clear eld system in sun ower needs both sides resistant of inbred lines due to not being dominant IMI gene. That is also increasing of risk breaking genetic resistance of IMI in sun ower. To reduce that kind of risks, other than normal gene transferred from Kansas population, a partially dominant nuclear gene conferring resistance to the IMI herbicides was also identi ed in the cultivated sun ower line CLHA-Plus developed by seed mutagenesis by BASF Co. CLHA-Plus makes sun ower breeding more ef cient and enables better weed control and enhanced tolerance against weeds through the use of herbicide applications with improved activity because breeders no longer need to include the E-gene (or E-factor) in their CLEARFIELD sun ower breeding program [15; 16]. On the other hand, registered IMI herbicides (Imazamox + Imazapyr (33+15 g/l)) in Turkey should change in a couple years due to Imazapyr existing in EU derogation list because Imazapyr has residual effect to some following crops especially Brassicaceae spp, tuber crops, cucumber, cabbage, etc. While combining Imazamox and Imazapyr substance give effective control of broomrape and large spectrum on controlling key weeds, there is no information yet that new substances how control effectively both broomrape and key weeds in sun ower production in Turkey. However, chemical companies work intensively to develop a new effective herbicide similar to previous one. Conclusion IMI type sun ower production reached to about 51 % of planted areas in Trakya region which is the main sun ower growing areas in Turkey. Clear eld system is preferred mostly in weed problem elds. This system is only now in Trakya region due to heavy infestation of broomrape almost all elds and control effectively both broomrape and key weeds in sun ower production. However, the main problem in Clear eld system in Turkey is that high yielding IMI type hybrids has lower oil content and higher oil content hybrids has lower yielding performance. Based on registration trials results in 2010, there is no sun ower hybrid having both high yielding and also oil content among IMI types. On the other hand, TARI developed these kinds of type sun ower hybrids in 2010 and more promising results will be obtained in 2011. References Genetica, Biologia moleculară şi Ameliorarea 1. Anonymus. 2009. BASF Company. http://www.clear eldsystem.com. 2. Bruniard J. and M. Miller J.F. 2001. Inheritance of Imidazolinone herbicide resistance in sun ower. // Helia. 24(35): 11-16. 3. Al-Khatib, K. , J. R. Baumgartner, D. E. Peterson, and S. Randall, 1998: Imazethapyr resistance in common sun ower (Helianthus annuus). // Weed Sci. 46. 403—407. 4. Miller, J. F. , and K. Al-Khatib, 2002: Registration of imidazolinone herbicide-resistant sun ower maintainer (HA 425) and fertility restorer (RHA 426 and RHA 427) germplasms. // Crop Sci. 42, 988—989. 5. Kaya, Y., G. Evci and M. Demirci. 2004. Broomrape (Orobanche cernua Loef .) and Herbicide Resistance Breeding in Sun ower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Turkey. // Helia. 27: 40. 199-210. 6. Malidza, G., S. Jocic, and D. Skoric. 2003. Weed and broomrape (O. cernua) control in Clear eld in Sun ower. Proceeding of European Weed Research Society 7th Mediterranean Symposium. 6-9 May. Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. 51-52. 123
Buletinul AŞM. Ştiinţele vieţii. Nr. 2 (314) 2011 7. Demirci, M., Y. Nemli and Y. Kaya. 2003. Effect of soil temperature on Orobanche cernua Loef . growing stages and control strategies. Proceeding European Weed Research Society (EWRS) 7th Mediterranean Symposium, 6-9 May. Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey. 151-152. 8. Miller, J. F. and K. Al-Khatib. 2000. Development of Herbicide Resistant Germplasm in Sun ower. In Proceeding of the 15th International Sun ower Conference. Toulouse, France. June 12-15. 37-41. 9. Demirci M. and Kaya, Y. 2009. Status of Orobanche cernua Loe . and Weeds in Sun ower Production in Turkey. // Helia. 32 (51): 153-160. 10. Semerci, A., Kaya, Y., Sahin, I. and Çıtak, N. 2010. The Determination of the Performances and the Adoption Level of Sun ower Cultivars Based on the Resistance To Broomrape at Farmer Conditions in Trakya Region. // Helia. 53: .69-76. 11. Kaya, Y. and G. Evci. 2007. Herbicide Resistance in Sun ower (Helianthus annuus L.). International Research Conference, Plant Genetic Stocks - The Basis of Agriculture of Today, June 13-14. Plovdiv. Bulgaria. 2: 45-47. 12. Kaya, Y. and G. Evci. 2009. The Recent Developments of Chemical Control and Resistance Breeding to Broomrape in Sun ower. 10th World Congress on Parasitic Plants. Kusadasi. Turkey, 08-12 June. 129. 124 13. Kaya, Y., G. Evci, V. Pekcan, T. Gücer and I. M. Yilmaz. 2009. The Resistant Breeding to Imidazolinone Herbicide Group in Sun ower (Helianthus annuus L.). International Conference “Actual Problems of Applied Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology of Plants”. November 3-6. Yalta, Ukraine. 134-138. 14. Suzer, S., and Buyuk, H. 2010. Rresidual effects of spraying imidazolinone-family herbicides on Clear eld ® sun ower production from the point of view of crop rotation. // Helia, 33( 52): 25-36. 15. Sala, C. A., M. Bulos, M. Echarte, S. R. Whitt and R. Ascenzi. 2010. Molecular and biochemical characterization of an induced mutation conferring Imidazolinone resistance in sun ower. // Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 118 (1): 105-112. 16. Sala, C. A., M. Bulos, and A. M. Echarte. 2008. Genetic Analysis of an Induced Mutation Conferring Imidazolinone Resistance in Sun ower. // Crop Science. 48: 1817–1822. LINII PERSPECTIVE DE TOMATE CU POTENŢIAL DE PRODUCTIVTATE ŞI ADAPTABILITATE LA CONDIŢIILE DIN REPUBLICA MOLDOVA Mihnea Nadejda Institutul de Genetică şi Fiziologie a Plantelor al Academiei de Ştiinţe a Moldovei Introducere Genetica, Biologia moleculară şi Ameliorarea Ameliorarea contemporană demonstrează necesitatea creării liniilor, soiurilor şi hibrizilor cu rezistenţă ecologică înaltă. Importanţa ameliorării adaptive în crearea soiurilor care îmbină rezistenţa la factorii stresogeni cu productivitatea înaltă a fructelor este recunoscută de mulţi cercetători [4, 6, 11,13,15] . Conform cercetărilor realizate de Danilov Jivco [3], în Bulgaria o atenţie deosebită se acordă rezistenţei soiurilor şi liniilor de tomate la factorii extremali ai mediului, îmbinării potenţialului înalt al productivităţii cu rezistenţa ecologică. Н.Н. Балашова [2] consideră că există o
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