F2008:05 Karaktärisering av fasta inhomogena ... - Avfall Sverige

Innehållsförteckning
1 INLEDNING ......................................................................................................... 9
1.1 BAKGRUND...............................................................................................................................9
1.2 MÅL OCH MÅLGRUPP.............................................................................................................. 10
1.3 PROBLEMDISKUSSION ............................................................................................................ 10
1.4 PROBLEMFORMULERING .........................................................................................................11
1.5 AVGRÄNSNINGAR ................................................................................................................... 12
2 TEORI..................................................................................................................13
2.1 PÅVERKAN AV FEL VID PROVTAGNING ..................................................................................... 13
2.1.1 Heterogenitet.............................................................................................................. 13
2.1.2 Typer av provtagningsfel .......................................................................................... 14
2.1.3 Precision och bias....................................................................................................... 16
2.2 PROVTAGNINGSPLAN.............................................................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Val av provtagningsstrategi och provpunkternas placering................................. 18
2.2.2 Provtagning från hög ................................................................................................ 19
2.2.3 Antal prov och mängd material i proverna.............................................................20
2.2.4 Val av provtagningsteknik och provtagningsutrustning .......................................20
2.2.5 Förbehandling av avfall i samband med provtagning .......................................... 21
2.3 NEDDELNINGSMETOD ............................................................................................................ 21
2.3.1 Kon- och kvarteringsmetoden................................................................................... 21
2.3.2 Kakmetoden ”manual increment division” ..............................................................22
2.3.3 Strängmetoden ”strip mixing” ..................................................................................22
2.4 BEFINTLIGA PUBLICERADE METODER .....................................................................................23
2.4.1 Solid Recovered Fuels – Methods for sampling CEN/TS 15442.............................23
2.4.2 Characterization of waste – Sampling of waste materials CEN/TR 15310 ..........26
2.4.3 Nordtest ......................................................................................................................28
2.4.4 RCRA Waste sampling draft technical guidance ....................................................30
2.4.5 Jämförelse mellan metodernas beräknade provkvantiteter.................................. 31
2.4.6 Methods for laboratory sample preparation CEN/TS 15443................................. 31
3 MATERIAL OCH METOD ..................................................................................34
3.1 KUNSKAPSINSAMLING ............................................................................................................34
3.2 EMPIRISK UNDERÖKNING.......................................................................................................34
3.2.1 Provtagningsplan ...................................................................................................... 35
3.2.2 Provberedning och analys på laboratoriet..............................................................36
3.2.3 Plockanalys................................................................................................................. 37
4 GENOMFÖRANDE AV EMPIRISK UNDERSÖKNING......................................38
4.1 PROVTAGNING AV AVFALL VID RENOVAS AVFALLSFÖRBRÄNNINGSANLÄGGNING......................38
4.1.1 Provtagning................................................................................................................38
4.1.2 Förbehandling - styckestorleksreducering .............................................................. 41
4.1.3 Neddelning.................................................................................................................. 41
4.2 GENOMFÖRANDE PÅ LABORATORIET.......................................................................................42
4.2.1 Torkning och utsortering ..........................................................................................42
4.2.2 Storleksreducering och neddelning ..........................................................................43
4.2.3 Analys .........................................................................................................................44
4.3 PLOCKANALYS ........................................................................................................................ 45
5 RESULTAT .........................................................................................................46
5.1 INTERVJUER MED ANLÄGGNINGSÄGARE .................................................................................46
5.2 PROV KARAKTÄRISERING........................................................................................................46
6 RESULTATANALYS ...........................................................................................49
6.1 BETYDELSE AV LABORATORIEPROVSTORLEK FÖR RESULTATETS KVALITÉ ................................49
6.2 HANTERING AV BORTPLOCKAT MATERIAL ...............................................................................50
6.3 BETYDELSE AV PROVTAGNINGSVOLYM FÖR RESULTATETS KVALITÉ ..........................................51
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