The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University
The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University
The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University
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acket <strong>and</strong> the gold-lined Luxi bracket (Rocky Mountain<br />
Orthodontics, Denver, CO) exhibited frictional resistances<br />
similar to that <strong>of</strong> stainless steel brackets. In general,<br />
ceramic brackets with metallic slots were found to be<br />
acceptable alternatives to all-ceramic brackets. 36,84<br />
Orthodontic brackets have been manufactured from other<br />
materials for various reasons. Esthetic plastic brackets<br />
are available with or without metallic inserts. <strong>The</strong>se<br />
brackets have generally been found to produce less friction<br />
than ceramic brackets, although deformation with tight<br />
ligation (i.e., toward <strong>torque</strong> control) has been a problem. 7<br />
Titanium brackets were introduced in response to concerns<br />
about corrosion <strong>and</strong> potential sensitivity to the nickel in<br />
stainless steel. <strong>The</strong>se brackets were found to be very<br />
similar in frictional resistance to stainless steel<br />
brackets. 19,85<br />
Bracket Width <strong>and</strong> Slot Size<br />
<strong>The</strong>re is conflicting information in the literature as<br />
to the effect <strong>of</strong> bracket width on friction in the fixed<br />
appliance. Andreasen <strong>and</strong> Quevedo 44 measured the friction<br />
produced with three brackets <strong>of</strong> different slot widths <strong>and</strong><br />
six wires at four second-<strong>order</strong> angulations <strong>and</strong> found no<br />
significant differences in frictional resistance across the<br />
17