The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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44. Sims APT, Waters NE, Birnie DJ. A comparison of the forces required to produce tooth movement ex vivo through three types of pre-adjusted brackets when subjected to determined tip or torque values. Br J Orthod 1994;21:367- 373. 45. Thomas S, Sherriff M, Birnie DJ. A comparative in vitro study of the frictional characteristics of two types of self-ligating brackets and two types of pre-adjusted edgewise brackets tied with elastomeric ligatures. Eur J Orthod 1998;20:589-596. 46. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Resistance to sliding of selfligating brackets versus conventional stainless steel twin brackets with second-order angulation in the dry and wet (saliva) states. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:361-370. 47. Ogata RH, Nanda RS, Duncanson MG, Jr., Sinha PK, Currier GF. Frictional resistances in stainless steel bracket-wire combinations with effects of vertical deflections. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1996;109:535- 542. 48. Ho KS, West VC. Friction ... Friction resistance between edgewise brackets and archwires. Aust Orthod J 1991;12:95-99. 49. Omana HM, Moore RN, Bagby MD. Frictional properties of metal and ceramic brackets. J Clin Orthod 1992;26:425-432. 50. Popli K, Pratten DH, Germane N, Gunsolley JC. Frictional resistance of ceramic and stainless-steel orthodontic brackets. J Dent Res 1989;68:245. 51. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Frictional resistances of metallined ceramic brackets versus conventional stainless steel brackets and development of 3-D friction maps. Angle Orthod 2001;71:364-374. 52. Kapur R, Sinha PK, Nanda RS. Comparison of frictional resistance in titanium and stainless steel brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:271-274. 53. Saunders CR, Kusy RP. Surface topography and frictional characteristics of ceramic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106:76-87. 76
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THE EFFECTS OF THIRD-ORDER TORQUE A
Page 3 and 4:
of torque, all five attachment sets
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COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF CANDIDACY: A
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Partial O
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The special
Page 13 and 14:
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
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surfaces. 6 The magnitudes of the c
Page 17 and 18:
Since the introduction to orthodont
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that the application of the Amonton
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archwires. At binding angulations,
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A phenomenon known as “cold weldi
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of round wire with the slot created
Page 27 and 28:
acket and the gold-lined Luxi brack
Page 29 and 30:
and wire stiffness. As bracket widt
Page 31 and 32:
ligation-friction relationship. The
Page 33 and 34:
designs have been introduced to the
Page 35 and 36: otated tooth or a twisted rectangul
Page 37 and 38: to incisor irregularity after initi
Page 39 and 40: added. Similarly, Bunkall 15 noted
Page 41 and 42: couple, resulting in the delivery i
Page 43 and 44: Another factor that influences brac
Page 45 and 46: References 1. Stoner MM. Force cont
Page 47 and 48: 19. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW
Page 49 and 50: 37. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ,
Page 51 and 52: 56. Khambay B, Millett D, McHugh S.
Page 53 and 54: 75. Tecco S, Festa F, Caputi S, Tra
Page 55 and 56: 93. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 57 and 58: Tables Table 2-1: Partial Overview
Page 59 and 60: significantly less friction than th
Page 61 and 62: optimal clinical results. Fixed-app
Page 63 and 64: self-ligating bracket systems to ma
Page 65 and 66: unconstrained rotation around the l
Page 67 and 68: surface of a tooth-crown. The const
Page 69 and 70: 0.025-inch NuBryte Standard Arch st
Page 71 and 72: test-archwire in place and ligated,
Page 73 and 74: aseline values at 0 degrees of torq
Page 75 and 76: increased to only five degrees. The
Page 77 and 78: tension on one edge of the wire and
Page 79 and 80: set, when the torque angle was incr
Page 81 and 82: with active, self-ligating sets. Th
Page 83 and 84: 11. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Effects of
Page 85: 33. Andreasen GF, Quevedo FR. Evalu
Page 89 and 90: 76. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 91 and 92: Table 3-2: Significance levels (α
Page 93 and 94: Table 3-4: Mean differences in fric
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3-3: Control of the third-or
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3-9: Victory bracket Figure
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3-12: Cross-section diagrams
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The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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