The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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64. Harradine NW. Self-ligating brackets: where are we now? J Orthod 2003;30:262-273. 65. Maijer R, Smith DC. Time savings with self-ligating brackets. J Clin Orthod 1990;24:29-31. 66. Woodside DG, Berger JL, Hanson GH. Self-ligation orthodontics with the SPEED appliance. In: Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KWL (eds). Orthodontics: current principles and techniques. St. Louis, MO, Elsevier Mosby 2005:pp 717-752. 67. Damon DH. Treatment of the Face with Biocompatible Orthodontics. In: Graber TM, Vanarsdall RL, Vig KWL (eds). Orthodontics: Current Principles and Techniques. Saint Louis, MO, Elsevier, 2005:pp 753-831. 68. Heiser W. Time: a new orthodontic philosophy. J Clin Orthod 1998;32:44-53. 69. Henao SP, Kusy RP. Evaluation of the frictional resistance of conventional and self-ligating bracket designs using standardized archwires and dental typodonts. Angle Orthod 2004;74:202-211. 70. Read-Ward GE, Jones SP, Davies EH. A comparison of self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems. Br J Orthod 1997;24:309-317. 71. Taylor NG, Ison K. Frictional resistance between orthodontic brackets and archwires in the buccal segments. Angle Orthod 1996;66:215-222. 72. Trevisi HJ. The SmartClip Self-Ligating Appliance System Technique Guide. 3M-Unitek Publication, Monrovia, CA 2005. 73. Weinberger GL. Utilizing the SmartClip self-ligating appliance. Orthodontic Perspectives: The System Approach. 3M-Unitek Publication, Monrovia, CA 2005;23:3-7. 74. Proffit WR. Contemporary Orthodontics, 3rd ed. St Louis: CV Mosby, 2000. 75. Meling TR, Odegaard J, Meling EO. On mechanical properties of square and rectangular stainless steel wires tested in torsion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1997;111:310-320. 78
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THE EFFECTS OF THIRD-ORDER TORQUE A
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of torque, all five attachment sets
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COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF CANDIDACY: A
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Partial O
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The special
Page 13 and 14:
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Page 15 and 16:
surfaces. 6 The magnitudes of the c
Page 17 and 18:
Since the introduction to orthodont
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that the application of the Amonton
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archwires. At binding angulations,
Page 23 and 24:
A phenomenon known as “cold weldi
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of round wire with the slot created
Page 27 and 28:
acket and the gold-lined Luxi brack
Page 29 and 30:
and wire stiffness. As bracket widt
Page 31 and 32:
ligation-friction relationship. The
Page 33 and 34:
designs have been introduced to the
Page 35 and 36:
otated tooth or a twisted rectangul
Page 37 and 38: to incisor irregularity after initi
Page 39 and 40: added. Similarly, Bunkall 15 noted
Page 41 and 42: couple, resulting in the delivery i
Page 43 and 44: Another factor that influences brac
Page 45 and 46: References 1. Stoner MM. Force cont
Page 47 and 48: 19. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW
Page 49 and 50: 37. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ,
Page 51 and 52: 56. Khambay B, Millett D, McHugh S.
Page 53 and 54: 75. Tecco S, Festa F, Caputi S, Tra
Page 55 and 56: 93. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 57 and 58: Tables Table 2-1: Partial Overview
Page 59 and 60: significantly less friction than th
Page 61 and 62: optimal clinical results. Fixed-app
Page 63 and 64: self-ligating bracket systems to ma
Page 65 and 66: unconstrained rotation around the l
Page 67 and 68: surface of a tooth-crown. The const
Page 69 and 70: 0.025-inch NuBryte Standard Arch st
Page 71 and 72: test-archwire in place and ligated,
Page 73 and 74: aseline values at 0 degrees of torq
Page 75 and 76: increased to only five degrees. The
Page 77 and 78: tension on one edge of the wire and
Page 79 and 80: set, when the torque angle was incr
Page 81 and 82: with active, self-ligating sets. Th
Page 83 and 84: 11. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Effects of
Page 85 and 86: 33. Andreasen GF, Quevedo FR. Evalu
Page 87: 54. Downing A, McCabe JF, Gordon PH
Page 91 and 92: Table 3-2: Significance levels (α
Page 93 and 94: Table 3-4: Mean differences in fric
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3-3: Control of the third-or
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3-9: Victory bracket Figure
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3-12: Cross-section diagrams
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