The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables...........................................v List of Figures.........................................vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..................................1 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Classical friction............................3 Friction in orthodontics......................5 Factors influencing friction .................9 Archwires..................................9 Brackets..................................15 Ligation..................................19 Other factors influencing friction........27 Summary......................................34 References...................................35 Tables.......................................47 CHAPTER 3: JOURNAL ARTICLE Abstract.....................................48 Introduction.................................50 Materials and Methods........................56 Results......................................62 Discussion...................................64 Conclusions..................................70 References...................................72 Tables.......................................80 Figures......................................84 Vita Auctoris...........................................90 iv
LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Partial Overview of Self-Ligating Brackets................................. 47 Table 3-1: Frictional-force means and standard deviations in grams at seven torque angles at the second premolar from five sets of crown-attachments.........................80 Table 3-2: Significance levels (α = 0.05) of differences in mean frictional forces across pairs of cells, each cell defined by a torque-angle, from five sets of crownattachments...............................81 Table 3-3: Summary from Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance of frictional forces for seven torque-angles across five sets of crownattachments...............................82 Table 3-4: Mean differences in frictional resistances in grams and significance levels (α = 0.05) between attachment sets at each of the seven torque angles.............................83 v
Page 1 and 2: THE EFFECTS OF THIRD-ORDER TORQUE A
Page 3 and 4: of torque, all five attachment sets
Page 5 and 6: COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF CANDIDACY: A
Page 7: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The special
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Page 15 and 16: surfaces. 6 The magnitudes of the c
Page 17 and 18: Since the introduction to orthodont
Page 19 and 20: that the application of the Amonton
Page 21 and 22: archwires. At binding angulations,
Page 23 and 24: A phenomenon known as “cold weldi
Page 25 and 26: of round wire with the slot created
Page 27 and 28: acket and the gold-lined Luxi brack
Page 29 and 30: and wire stiffness. As bracket widt
Page 31 and 32: ligation-friction relationship. The
Page 33 and 34: designs have been introduced to the
Page 35 and 36: otated tooth or a twisted rectangul
Page 37 and 38: to incisor irregularity after initi
Page 39 and 40: added. Similarly, Bunkall 15 noted
Page 41 and 42: couple, resulting in the delivery i
Page 43 and 44: Another factor that influences brac
Page 45 and 46: References 1. Stoner MM. Force cont
Page 47 and 48: 19. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW
Page 49 and 50: 37. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ,
Page 51 and 52: 56. Khambay B, Millett D, McHugh S.
Page 53 and 54: 75. Tecco S, Festa F, Caputi S, Tra
Page 55 and 56: 93. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 57 and 58: Tables Table 2-1: Partial Overview
Page 59 and 60:
significantly less friction than th
Page 61 and 62:
optimal clinical results. Fixed-app
Page 63 and 64:
self-ligating bracket systems to ma
Page 65 and 66:
unconstrained rotation around the l
Page 67 and 68:
surface of a tooth-crown. The const
Page 69 and 70:
0.025-inch NuBryte Standard Arch st
Page 71 and 72:
test-archwire in place and ligated,
Page 73 and 74:
aseline values at 0 degrees of torq
Page 75 and 76:
increased to only five degrees. The
Page 77 and 78:
tension on one edge of the wire and
Page 79 and 80:
set, when the torque angle was incr
Page 81 and 82:
with active, self-ligating sets. Th
Page 83 and 84:
11. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Effects of
Page 85 and 86:
33. Andreasen GF, Quevedo FR. Evalu
Page 87 and 88:
54. Downing A, McCabe JF, Gordon PH
Page 89 and 90:
76. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 91 and 92:
Table 3-2: Significance levels (α
Page 93 and 94:
Table 3-4: Mean differences in fric
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 3-3: Control of the third-or
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 3-9: Victory bracket Figure
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 3-12: Cross-section diagrams
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The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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