The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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Summary The literature supports the thought that many factors play a role in the friction generated between the wire and bracket-slot in orthodontic treatment. These factors include properties related to the archwire, bracket, ligation type, and oral environment. New products, such as low-friction, self-ligating brackets, are being developed to help reduce sliding resistance associated with tooth movement. To obtain a thorough understanding how to best use these products in clinical orthodontics, it is important to study them in a simulated dental arch with the variables influencing friction controlled. It is for this reason, the present study has been undertaken. 34
References 1. Stoner MM. Force control in clinical practice. Am J Orthod 1960;46:163-168. 2. Palmer F. Friction. Sci Amer 1951;184:54-60. 3. Rossouw PE, Kamelchuk LS, Kusy RP. A fundamental review of variables associated with low velocity frictional dynamics. Sem Orthod 2003;9:223-235. 4. Loftus BP, Artun J, Nicholls JI, Alonzo TA, Stoner JA. Evaluation of friction during sliding tooth movement in various bracket-arch wire combinations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:336-345. 5. Frank CA, Nikolai RJ. A comparative study of frictional resistances between orthodontic bracket and arch wire. Am J Orthod 1980;78:593-609. 6. Rossouw PE. Friction: An overview. Sem Orthod 2003;9:218-222. 7. Nanda RS, Ghosh J. Biomedical considerations in sliding mechanics. In: Nanda R (ed). Biomechanics in Clinical Orthodontics. Philadelphia, PA, WB Saunders, 1997:pp 188- 217. 8. Proffit WR. Contemporary Orthodontics, 3rd ed. St Louis: CV Mosby, 2000. 9. Sims APT, Waters NE, Birnie DJ, Pethybridge RJ. A comparison of the forces required to produce tooth movement in vitro using two self-ligating brackets and a preadjusted bracket employing two types of ligation. Eur J Orthod 1993;15:377-385. 35
Page 1 and 2: THE EFFECTS OF THIRD-ORDER TORQUE A
Page 3 and 4: of torque, all five attachment sets
Page 5 and 6: COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF CANDIDACY: A
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Partial O
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The special
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Page 15 and 16: surfaces. 6 The magnitudes of the c
Page 17 and 18: Since the introduction to orthodont
Page 19 and 20: that the application of the Amonton
Page 21 and 22: archwires. At binding angulations,
Page 23 and 24: A phenomenon known as “cold weldi
Page 25 and 26: of round wire with the slot created
Page 27 and 28: acket and the gold-lined Luxi brack
Page 29 and 30: and wire stiffness. As bracket widt
Page 31 and 32: ligation-friction relationship. The
Page 33 and 34: designs have been introduced to the
Page 35 and 36: otated tooth or a twisted rectangul
Page 37 and 38: to incisor irregularity after initi
Page 39 and 40: added. Similarly, Bunkall 15 noted
Page 41 and 42: couple, resulting in the delivery i
Page 43: Another factor that influences brac
Page 47 and 48: 19. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW
Page 49 and 50: 37. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ,
Page 51 and 52: 56. Khambay B, Millett D, McHugh S.
Page 53 and 54: 75. Tecco S, Festa F, Caputi S, Tra
Page 55 and 56: 93. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 57 and 58: Tables Table 2-1: Partial Overview
Page 59 and 60: significantly less friction than th
Page 61 and 62: optimal clinical results. Fixed-app
Page 63 and 64: self-ligating bracket systems to ma
Page 65 and 66: unconstrained rotation around the l
Page 67 and 68: surface of a tooth-crown. The const
Page 69 and 70: 0.025-inch NuBryte Standard Arch st
Page 71 and 72: test-archwire in place and ligated,
Page 73 and 74: aseline values at 0 degrees of torq
Page 75 and 76: increased to only five degrees. The
Page 77 and 78: tension on one edge of the wire and
Page 79 and 80: set, when the torque angle was incr
Page 81 and 82: with active, self-ligating sets. Th
Page 83 and 84: 11. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Effects of
Page 85 and 86: 33. Andreasen GF, Quevedo FR. Evalu
Page 87 and 88: 54. Downing A, McCabe JF, Gordon PH
Page 89 and 90: 76. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 91 and 92: Table 3-2: Significance levels (α
Page 93 and 94: Table 3-4: Mean differences in fric
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 3-3: Control of the third-or
Page 97 and 98:
Figure 3-9: Victory bracket Figure
Page 99 and 100:
Figure 3-12: Cross-section diagrams
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