The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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47. Schaus JG, Nikolai RJ. Localized, transverse, flexural stiffnesses of continuous arch wires. Am J Orthod 1986;89:407-414. 48. Pizzoni L, Ravnholt G, Melsen B. Frictional forces related to self-ligating brackets. Eur J Orthod 1998;20:283-291. 49. A historical overview of self-ligation: Strite Industries, Ltd.; 2006. 50. Wahl N. Orthodontics in 3 millennia. Chapter 2: entering the modern era. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;127:510-515. 51. Keith O, Jones SP, Davies EH. The influence of bracket material, ligation force and wear on frictional resistance of orthodontic brackets. Br J Orthod 1993;20:109-115. 52. Berger JL. The influence of the SPEED bracket's selfligating design on force levels in tooth movement: a comparative in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;97:219-228. 53. Edwards GD, Davies EH, Jones SP. The ex vivo effect of ligation technique on the static frictional resistance of stainless steel brackets and archwires. Br J Orthod 1995;22:145-153. 54. Bednar JR, Gruendeman GW, Sandrik JL. A comparative study of frictional forces between orthodontic brackets and arch wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:513- 522. 55. Shivapuja PK, Berger J. A comparative study of conventional ligation and self-ligation bracket systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1994;106:472-480. 40
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Page 1 and 2: THE EFFECTS OF THIRD-ORDER TORQUE A
Page 3 and 4: of torque, all five attachment sets
Page 5 and 6: COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF CANDIDACY: A
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Partial O
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The special
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Page 15 and 16: surfaces. 6 The magnitudes of the c
Page 17 and 18: Since the introduction to orthodont
Page 19 and 20: that the application of the Amonton
Page 21 and 22: archwires. At binding angulations,
Page 23 and 24: A phenomenon known as “cold weldi
Page 25 and 26: of round wire with the slot created
Page 27 and 28: acket and the gold-lined Luxi brack
Page 29 and 30: and wire stiffness. As bracket widt
Page 31 and 32: ligation-friction relationship. The
Page 33 and 34: designs have been introduced to the
Page 35 and 36: otated tooth or a twisted rectangul
Page 37 and 38: to incisor irregularity after initi
Page 39 and 40: added. Similarly, Bunkall 15 noted
Page 41 and 42: couple, resulting in the delivery i
Page 43 and 44: Another factor that influences brac
Page 45 and 46: References 1. Stoner MM. Force cont
Page 47 and 48: 19. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW
Page 49: 37. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ,
Page 53 and 54: 75. Tecco S, Festa F, Caputi S, Tra
Page 55 and 56: 93. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 57 and 58: Tables Table 2-1: Partial Overview
Page 59 and 60: significantly less friction than th
Page 61 and 62: optimal clinical results. Fixed-app
Page 63 and 64: self-ligating bracket systems to ma
Page 65 and 66: unconstrained rotation around the l
Page 67 and 68: surface of a tooth-crown. The const
Page 69 and 70: 0.025-inch NuBryte Standard Arch st
Page 71 and 72: test-archwire in place and ligated,
Page 73 and 74: aseline values at 0 degrees of torq
Page 75 and 76: increased to only five degrees. The
Page 77 and 78: tension on one edge of the wire and
Page 79 and 80: set, when the torque angle was incr
Page 81 and 82: with active, self-ligating sets. Th
Page 83 and 84: 11. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Effects of
Page 85 and 86: 33. Andreasen GF, Quevedo FR. Evalu
Page 87 and 88: 54. Downing A, McCabe JF, Gordon PH
Page 89 and 90: 76. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 91 and 92: Table 3-2: Significance levels (α
Page 93 and 94: Table 3-4: Mean differences in fric
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3-3: Control of the third-or
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3-9: Victory bracket Figure
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3-12: Cross-section diagrams

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