The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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References 1. Loftus BP, Artun J, Nicholls JI, Alonzo TA, Stoner JA. Evaluation of friction during sliding tooth movement in various bracket-arch wire combinations. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116:336-345. 2. Frank CA, Nikolai RJ. A comparative study of frictional resistances between orthodontic bracket and arch wire. Am J Orthod 1980;78:593-609. 3. Rossouw PE. Friction: An overview. Sem Orthod 2003;9:218-222. 4. Nanda RS, Ghosh J. Biomedical considerations in sliding mechanics. In: Nanda R (ed). Biomechanics in Clinical Orthodontics. Philadelphia, PA, WB Saunders, 1997:pp 188- 217. 5. Sims APT, Waters NE, Birnie DJ, Pethybridge RJ. A comparison of the forces required to produce tooth movement in vitro using two self-ligating brackets and a preadjusted bracket employing two types of ligation. Eur J Orthod 1993;15:377-385. 6. Nanda RS. Biomechanics and Esthetic Strategies in Clinical Orthodontics. Saint Louis, MO, Elsevier Saunders, 2005. 7. Prososki RR, Bagby MD, Erickson LC. Static frictional force and surface roughness of nickel-titanium arch wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1991;100:341-348. 8. Stannard JG, Gau JM, Hanna MA. Comparative friction of orthodontic wires under dry and wet conditions. Am J Orthod 1986;89:485-491. 9. Garner LD, Allai WW, Moore BK. A comparison of frictional forces during simulated canine retraction of a continuous edgewise arch wire. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1986;90:199-203. 10. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW, Newman JG. Evaluation of titanium brackets for orthodontic treatment: part I. The passive configuration. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1998;114:558-572. 72
11. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Effects of sliding velocity on the coefficients of friction in a model orthodontic system. Dent Mater 1989;5:235-240. 12. Tidy DC. Frictional forces in fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96:249-254. 13. Drescher D, Bourauel C, Schumacher HA. Frictional forces between bracket and arch wire. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1989;96:397-404. 14. Kapila S, Angolkar PV, Duncanson MG, Jr., Nanda RS. Evaluation of friction between edgewise stainless steel brackets and orthodontic wires of four alloys. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;98:117-126. 15. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Coefficients of friction for arch wires in stainless steel and polycrystalline alumina bracket slots. I. The dry state. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;98:300-312. 16. Pratten DH, Popli K, Germane N, Gunsolley JC. Frictional resistance of ceramic and stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;98:398-403. 17. Angolkar PV, Kapila S, Duncanson MG, Jr., Nanda RS. Evaluation of friction between ceramic brackets and orthodontic wires of four alloys. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1990;98:499-506. 18. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Prewitt MJ. Comparison of the frictional coefficients for selected archwire-bracket slot combinations in the dry and wet states. Angle Orthod 1991;61:293-302. 19. Ireland AJ, Sherriff M, McDonald F. Effect of bracket and wire composition on frictional forces. Eur J Orthod 1991;13:322-328. 20. Vaughan JL, Duncanson MG, Jr., Nanda RS, Currier GF. Relative kinetic frictional forces between sintered stainless steel brackets and orthodontic wires. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1995;107:20-27. 21. Kusy RP, Articolo LC, Kusy K, Saunders CR. In vivo notching on arches by ceramic brackets. J Dent Res 1998;77:A696. 73
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THE EFFECTS OF THIRD-ORDER TORQUE A
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of torque, all five attachment sets
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COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF CANDIDACY: A
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Partial O
Page 11 and 12:
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The special
Page 13 and 14:
CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Page 15 and 16:
surfaces. 6 The magnitudes of the c
Page 17 and 18:
Since the introduction to orthodont
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that the application of the Amonton
Page 21 and 22:
archwires. At binding angulations,
Page 23 and 24:
A phenomenon known as “cold weldi
Page 25 and 26:
of round wire with the slot created
Page 27 and 28:
acket and the gold-lined Luxi brack
Page 29 and 30:
and wire stiffness. As bracket widt
Page 31 and 32: ligation-friction relationship. The
Page 33 and 34: designs have been introduced to the
Page 35 and 36: otated tooth or a twisted rectangul
Page 37 and 38: to incisor irregularity after initi
Page 39 and 40: added. Similarly, Bunkall 15 noted
Page 41 and 42: couple, resulting in the delivery i
Page 43 and 44: Another factor that influences brac
Page 45 and 46: References 1. Stoner MM. Force cont
Page 47 and 48: 19. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW
Page 49 and 50: 37. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ,
Page 51 and 52: 56. Khambay B, Millett D, McHugh S.
Page 53 and 54: 75. Tecco S, Festa F, Caputi S, Tra
Page 55 and 56: 93. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 57 and 58: Tables Table 2-1: Partial Overview
Page 59 and 60: significantly less friction than th
Page 61 and 62: optimal clinical results. Fixed-app
Page 63 and 64: self-ligating bracket systems to ma
Page 65 and 66: unconstrained rotation around the l
Page 67 and 68: surface of a tooth-crown. The const
Page 69 and 70: 0.025-inch NuBryte Standard Arch st
Page 71 and 72: test-archwire in place and ligated,
Page 73 and 74: aseline values at 0 degrees of torq
Page 75 and 76: increased to only five degrees. The
Page 77 and 78: tension on one edge of the wire and
Page 79 and 80: set, when the torque angle was incr
Page 81: with active, self-ligating sets. Th
Page 85 and 86: 33. Andreasen GF, Quevedo FR. Evalu
Page 87 and 88: 54. Downing A, McCabe JF, Gordon PH
Page 89 and 90: 76. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 91 and 92: Table 3-2: Significance levels (α
Page 93 and 94: Table 3-4: Mean differences in fric
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3-3: Control of the third-or
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3-9: Victory bracket Figure
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3-12: Cross-section diagrams
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The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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