The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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66. Maijer R, Smith DC. Time savings with self-ligating brackets. J Clin Orthod 1990;24:29-31. 67. Hain M, Dhopatkar A, Rock P. The effect of ligation method on friction in sliding mechanics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:416-422. 68. Sims APT, Waters NE, Birnie DJ. A comparison of the forces required to produce tooth movement ex vivo through three types of pre-adjusted brackets when subjected to determined tip or torque values. Br J Orthod 1994;21:367- 373. 69. Thomas S, Sherriff M, Birnie DJ. A comparative in vitro study of the frictional characteristics of two types of self-ligating brackets and two types of pre-adjusted edgewise brackets tied with elastomeric ligatures. Eur J Orthod 1998;20:589-596. 70. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Resistance to sliding of selfligating brackets versus conventional stainless steel twin brackets with second-order angulation in the dry and wet (saliva) states. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2001;120:361-370. 71. Heiser W. Time: a new orthodontic philosophy. J Clin Orthod 1998;32:44-53. 72. Henao SP, Kusy RP. Evaluation of the frictional resistance of conventional and self-ligating bracket designs using standardized archwires and dental typodonts. Angle Orthod 2004;74:202-211. 73. Read-Ward GE, Jones SP, Davies EH. A comparison of self-ligating and conventional orthodontic bracket systems. Br J Orthod 1997;24:309-317. 74. Taylor NG, Ison K. Frictional resistance between orthodontic brackets and archwires in the buccal segments. Angle Orthod 1996;66:215-222. 42
75. Tecco S, Festa F, Caputi S, Traini T, Di Iorio D, D'Attilio M. Friction of conventional and self-ligating brackets using a 10 bracket model. Angle Orthod 2005;75:1041-1045. 76. Trevisi HJ. The SmartClip Self-Ligating Appliance System Technique Guide. 3M-Unitek Publication, Monrovia, CA 2005. 77. Weinberger GL. Utilizing the SmartClip self-ligating appliance. Orthodontic Perspectives: The System Approach. 3M-Unitek Publication, Monrovia, CA 2005;23:3-7. 78. Miles PG. SmartClip versus conventional twin brackets for initial alignment: is there a difference? Aust Orthod J 2005;21:123-127. 79. Miles PG, Weyant RJ, Rustveld L. A clinical trial of Damon 2 vs conventional twin brackets during initial alignment. Angle Orthod 2006;76:480-485. 80. Ho KS, West VC. Friction ... Friction resistance between edgewise brackets and archwires. Aust Orthod J 1991;12:95-99. 81. Omana HM, Moore RN, Bagby MD. Frictional properties of metal and ceramic brackets. J Clin Orthod 1992;26:425-432. 82. Popli K, Pratten DH, Germane N, Gunsolley JC. Frictional resistance of ceramic and stainless-steel orthodontic brackets. J Dent Res 1989;68:245. 83. Downing A, McCabe JF, Gordon PH. The effect of artificial saliva on the frictional forces between orthodontic brackets and archwires. Br J Orthod 1995;22:41- 46. 84. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Frictional resistances of metallined ceramic brackets versus conventional stainless steel 43
Page 1 and 2: THE EFFECTS OF THIRD-ORDER TORQUE A
Page 3 and 4: of torque, all five attachment sets
Page 5 and 6: COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF CANDIDACY: A
Page 7 and 8: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Partial O
Page 11 and 12: CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The special
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Page 15 and 16: surfaces. 6 The magnitudes of the c
Page 17 and 18: Since the introduction to orthodont
Page 19 and 20: that the application of the Amonton
Page 21 and 22: archwires. At binding angulations,
Page 23 and 24: A phenomenon known as “cold weldi
Page 25 and 26: of round wire with the slot created
Page 27 and 28: acket and the gold-lined Luxi brack
Page 29 and 30: and wire stiffness. As bracket widt
Page 31 and 32: ligation-friction relationship. The
Page 33 and 34: designs have been introduced to the
Page 35 and 36: otated tooth or a twisted rectangul
Page 37 and 38: to incisor irregularity after initi
Page 39 and 40: added. Similarly, Bunkall 15 noted
Page 41 and 42: couple, resulting in the delivery i
Page 43 and 44: Another factor that influences brac
Page 45 and 46: References 1. Stoner MM. Force cont
Page 47 and 48: 19. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW
Page 49 and 50: 37. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ,
Page 51: 56. Khambay B, Millett D, McHugh S.
Page 55 and 56: 93. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 57 and 58: Tables Table 2-1: Partial Overview
Page 59 and 60: significantly less friction than th
Page 61 and 62: optimal clinical results. Fixed-app
Page 63 and 64: self-ligating bracket systems to ma
Page 65 and 66: unconstrained rotation around the l
Page 67 and 68: surface of a tooth-crown. The const
Page 69 and 70: 0.025-inch NuBryte Standard Arch st
Page 71 and 72: test-archwire in place and ligated,
Page 73 and 74: aseline values at 0 degrees of torq
Page 75 and 76: increased to only five degrees. The
Page 77 and 78: tension on one edge of the wire and
Page 79 and 80: set, when the torque angle was incr
Page 81 and 82: with active, self-ligating sets. Th
Page 83 and 84: 11. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Effects of
Page 85 and 86: 33. Andreasen GF, Quevedo FR. Evalu
Page 87 and 88: 54. Downing A, McCabe JF, Gordon PH
Page 89 and 90: 76. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 91 and 92: Table 3-2: Significance levels (α
Page 93 and 94: Table 3-4: Mean differences in fric
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3-3: Control of the third-or
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3-9: Victory bracket Figure
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3-12: Cross-section diagrams

The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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