The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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Table 3-3: Summary from Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance of frictional forces for seven torque-angles across five sets of crown-attachments. Torque (degrees) -15 -10 -5 0 +5 +10 +15 Chi-square 17.957 7.920 22.774 24.951 22.249 17.044 21.174 df 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Asymp. Sig. .001 NS* .000 .000 .000 .002 .000 *Not Significant (NS) 82
Table 3-4: Mean differences in frictional resistances in grams and significance levels (α = 0.05) between crown-attachment sets at each of seven torque-angles. Torque (degrees) -15 -10 -5 0 +5 +10 +15 (a) (b) (a-b) † Sig. (a-b) Sig. (a-b) Sig. (a-b) Sig. (a-b) Sig. (a-b) Sig. (a-b) Sig. Victory In-Ovation R -201 .006 -111 NS 134 .000 82 .003 127 .011 -152 .002 -208 .000 Time2 -11 NS* -78 NS 153 .000 107 .000 28 NS -46 NS 20 . NS Damon 3MX 53 NS -29 NS 219 .000 154 .000 198 .000 31 NS 53 NS SmartClip -185 .013 -104 NS 190 .000 247 .000 213 .000 44 NS -195 .000 In-Ovation R Victory 201 .006 111 NS -134 .000 -82 .003 -127 .011 152 .002 208 .000 Time2 190 .010 33 NS 19 NS 25 NS -99 NS 106 .043 228 .000 Damon 3MX 254 .000 82 NS 85 .006 72 .010 71 NS 183 .000 261 .000 SmartClip 16 NS 7 NS 56 NS 166 .000 86 NS 196 .000 13 NS Time2 Victory 11 NS 78 NS -153 .000 -107 .000 -28 NS 46 NS -20 NS In-Ovation R -190 .010 -33 NS -19 NS -25 NS 99 NS -106 .043 -228 .000 Damon 3MX 64 . NS 49 NS 66 .045 47 NS 170 .001 77 NS -33 NS SmartClip -174 .022 -26 NS 37 NS 141* .000 185 .000 90 NS -215 .000 83 Damon 3MX Victory -53 NS 29 NS -219 .000 -154 .000 -198 .000 -31 NS -53 NS In-Ovation R -254 .000 -82 NS -85 .006 -72 .010 -71 NS -183 .000 -261 .000 Time2 -64 NS -49 NS -66 .045 -47 NS -170 .001 -77 NS 33 NS SmartClip -238 .001 -75 NS -29 NS 94 .001 14 NS 13 NS -248 .000 SmartClip Victory 185 .013 104 NS -190 .000 -247 .000 -213 .000 -44 NS 195 .000 In-Ovation R -16 NS -7 NS -56 NS -166 .000 -86 NS -196 .000 -13 NS Time2 174 .022 26 NS -37 NS -141 .000 -185 .000 -90 NS 215 .000 Damon 3MX 238 .001 75 NS 29 NS -94 .001 -14 NS -13 NS 248 .000 *Not Significant (NS) † Mean difference in frictional resistance between a and b in grams.
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THE EFFECTS OF THIRD-ORDER TORQUE A
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of torque, all five attachment sets
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COMMITTEE IN CHARGE OF CANDIDACY: A
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes
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LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Partial O
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The special
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CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
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surfaces. 6 The magnitudes of the c
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Since the introduction to orthodont
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that the application of the Amonton
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archwires. At binding angulations,
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A phenomenon known as “cold weldi
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of round wire with the slot created
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acket and the gold-lined Luxi brack
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and wire stiffness. As bracket widt
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ligation-friction relationship. The
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designs have been introduced to the
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otated tooth or a twisted rectangul
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to incisor irregularity after initi
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added. Similarly, Bunkall 15 noted
Page 41 and 42: couple, resulting in the delivery i
Page 43 and 44: Another factor that influences brac
Page 45 and 46: References 1. Stoner MM. Force cont
Page 47 and 48: 19. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Ambrose WW
Page 49 and 50: 37. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ, Mayhew MJ,
Page 51 and 52: 56. Khambay B, Millett D, McHugh S.
Page 53 and 54: 75. Tecco S, Festa F, Caputi S, Tra
Page 55 and 56: 93. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 57 and 58: Tables Table 2-1: Partial Overview
Page 59 and 60: significantly less friction than th
Page 61 and 62: optimal clinical results. Fixed-app
Page 63 and 64: self-ligating bracket systems to ma
Page 65 and 66: unconstrained rotation around the l
Page 67 and 68: surface of a tooth-crown. The const
Page 69 and 70: 0.025-inch NuBryte Standard Arch st
Page 71 and 72: test-archwire in place and ligated,
Page 73 and 74: aseline values at 0 degrees of torq
Page 75 and 76: increased to only five degrees. The
Page 77 and 78: tension on one edge of the wire and
Page 79 and 80: set, when the torque angle was incr
Page 81 and 82: with active, self-ligating sets. Th
Page 83 and 84: 11. Kusy RP, Whitley JQ. Effects of
Page 85 and 86: 33. Andreasen GF, Quevedo FR. Evalu
Page 87 and 88: 54. Downing A, McCabe JF, Gordon PH
Page 89 and 90: 76. Thorstenson GA, Kusy RP. Effect
Page 91: Table 3-2: Significance levels (α
Page 95 and 96: Figure 3-3: Control of the third-or
Page 97 and 98: Figure 3-9: Victory bracket Figure
Page 99 and 100: Figure 3-12: Cross-section diagrams
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The effects of third-order torque and self - Saint Louis University

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