STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS

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1. INTRODUCTION COST ACTION E22: Environmental optimisation of wood protection The research work outlined below is established basically in relation to the necessities of the sector, which emerge influenced by the climatic and environmental conditions proper to our country. Factors of current incidence in Spain: In a properly implanted industrial process, in a closed circuit, the potential toxicity should be in relation to the treated wood and not always to the chemical protective product used. • Certificates of wood-protecting products need to pass effectiveness assays carried out by authorised laboratories, following the application of the corresponding European Standards (EN-113, 117, 84, etc.), and tests of toxicity by the Ministry of Health. • High quality brands of wood-protecting products, processes of penetration and treated wood products must be obtained, so as to control the impact that they have on the environmental sector. • Increase in the industries of deep protection of wood. • Due to the excessive environmental exigencies that are coming into use in Europe, some wood-protecting companies consider that: - There is a decrease in the use of wood in many industrial sectors, including construction, in favour of other substitution materials. - The wood-protecting treatment is being reduced in determined sectors, with the subsequent decrease in the durability of the wood. - Some multinational companies, with R+D+I capacity, suffering from public controversy about wood-protecting products, have ceased to investigate and do not wish to participate in an economically low-profit sector. Furthermore, they run the risk of being accused of contaminating the environment. Consequently, these companies are steering their activity towards the production of “light” products. In most cases, this signifies lower stability in the wood and subsequently, greater potential in environmental (leaching) and human risk. - As a consequence of the situation mentioned, a certain number of small or medium-sized companies have abandoned their activity, which directly affects Society in general (loss of jobs). 152
2. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES Current lines of investigation: COST ACTION E22: Environmental optimisation of wood protection • Diagnosis of damage to wood structures - Biotic agents: Fungi: Wood rotting and sapstain fungi. Insects: Wood-boring insects and termites. - Abiotic agents: UV radiation Humidity. • Characterisation of autochthonous species of wood and their integration in the European Standards; • Study of the efficacy of chemical wood-protecting products.(European Standards); • Physical-mechanical tests on treated wood (destructive and non-destructive); • Tests concerning the influence of treated wood on the environment • Preventive and remedial treatments of wood. Laboratory and field experiments; • Studies of the durability of treated wood (increase in the average period of use); • Analysis of the processes of penetration of wood; • Chemical analysis of treated wood: - Environmental optimisation - Stability of the chemical product in the wood. • Minimisation of waste in the industries of wood preservation. Development • Development of less contaminating plants of industrial treatment; • Implantation and integration of the Standard ISO 14000 in the industrial sector; • Development of optimal guidelines of environmental treatment for new species of wood; • Development of new, less contaminating chemical products. Innovation • Creating awareness in industry and in end-users of treated wood for the improvement of the cost-efficiency ratio in its employment. 153
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STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS

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