STATE OF THE ART REVIEWS

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Wood production in Italy COST ACTION E22: Environmental optimisation of wood protection The Italian territorial surface is covered by 6.782.100 ha of forest and productive woodlands (data source: Istat 1995, Central Institute for Statistics). Italian forests have a prominent role in the protection of sensitive soils, the conservation of natural habitats and landscape enhancement, although they supply only 20% of the wood consumed in Italy. Hardwood species, (beech, oak and chestnut) are prevalent, covering approximately 80% of woodlands, while conifers (pines, spruce and larch) are dominant on the alpine region only. Italy imports 5.300.000 m 3 of wood, mainly tropical hardwood from Asia and Africa and conifers from Germany, Austria, France and Eastern Europe. Although the Italian forest production is very limited, the Italian wood industry is highly developed. The wood sector is one of the strongest sectors of the Italian economy and traditionally adds positive figures to the national trade balance – importing raw materials and exporting wood final products – with 90.000 wood industries that employ 500.000 people (data source: Federlegno-Arredo, Italian Association of Wood and Furniture Industry). 1.2 Use of treated wood in Italy In Italy treated wood is mainly used for the production of telecom poles, railway sleepers, street furniture, guard rails, noise protections barriers, palisades and fences in horticulture and landscaping. Its use as structural timber cannot be considered significant at a national level. At present in Italy there are 4 impregnating companies, using vacuum/pressure plants (Table 3) which currently meet the national demand for the production of telecom poles and railway sleepers. As for the other aforementioned products, there are an undetermined number of companies. The Italian demand for treated wood for these products is high, and it is therefore imported and then assembled in Italy. This data on Italy gives only a general outlook on the current situation of treated wood. The Italian treated wood industries have a such size that they escape statistical control. There is an Italian company that is developing a boron impregnation plant. Table 3: Impregnation of wood in Italy N° companies N° vacuum/ pressure plants 4 10 production (to) 40.000 pinus 7.000 oak 196 species use preservatives Telecom poles Railways sleepers CS-X, CCA Creosote
2. P<strong>ART</strong>ICIPANTS COST ACTION E22: Environmental optimisation of wood protection In Italy the main actors on wood research are the Forestry Universities, two Institutes belonging to the National Council of Research (CNR) - the Wood Research Institute in Florence and the Wood Technology Institute in San Michele all'Adige (TN) – an institute belonging to the Ministry for the Agricultural and Environmental Resources – the Poplar Research Institute in Casale Monferrato (TO) – and a private Institute of Certification –Catas (UD). Research in the field of wood preservation has been mainly carried out by the Biodegradation and Preservation Laboratory which is part of the Wood Research Institute and has been led until now by Ms Anna Gambetta. A list of the institutes involved on wood research are listed at the end of this report. These Institutes are mainly on wood technology, but the contacts could refer to other researchers which carried out activities related to the COST Action E 22. The Institute is involved in national and international projects related to the diagnosis and restoration of Ancient wood and disinfestation of wood by microwaves and by modified atmosphere. Studies are currently being carried out on wood species with good technical features and high natural durability to be used in the production of street furniture and noise protections barriers in order to reduce the impact on the environment. Istituto per La Ricerca sul Legno (I.R.L) Ms Francesca Martena Email: legno@mailbox.irl.fi.cnr.it Research themes: Biodegradation and Preservation Lab: temporarily led by Dr. Francesca Martena • Field tests on Insect Growth Regulator (IGR) to control subterranean termites • Study on modified fraction of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) as wood preservatives out ground contact • Tests on new fungicidal formulations more environmental-friendly than those traditionally used (tests carried out on sapstain fungi, brown and white rot) • Tests on biocides loss after laboratory ageing procedures • Studies on natural durability of native and foreign species against fungi and marine borers • Studies on natural durability of native species against insects • Fungi and Insects control in ancient buildings • Lyctidae control in sawmill using boron impregnation Dr. Giuseppe Staccioli Email: legno@mailbox.irl.fi.cnr.it Chemical Characterisation Lab: • Chemical characterisation of wood attacked by Insects • Analytical methods for wood preservatives 197
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