Positive Behaviour Support - Department of Human Services - Vic ...

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52 Positive behaviour support: Getting it right from the start - Facilitators reference manual Using AAC appropriately with intentional and unintentional communicators Skills of the person at this level What symbols to use? Visual cues/ symbols to use with the person General strategies used by effective communication partners Unintentional passive (UP) Unintentional active (UA) UP – All interactions are based on the communication partner’s awareness of the person’s needs and observations of the person’s behaviour. UA – The person is much more likely to reach out for things that attract their attention and interest. All interactions are based on the communication partner’s awareness of the person’s needs and observations of their behaviour. Non-symbolic Intentional informal (II) The person knows that other people can be useful. The person understands that for communication to occur, the attention of a communication partner is required. The way person communicates may be hard for others to understand. Person cannot understand spoken language alone, photos and line drawing (e.g. COMPIC, Boardmaker PCS) Real objects: the actual object must be used when communicating with the person or making up communication boards or books. Real objects: the actual object must be used when communicating with the person or making up communication boards or books. Real objects: the actual object must be used when communicating with the person or making up communication boards or books. Intentional symbolic basic (SB) A person is able to communicate symbolically. The person communicates a range of intentions or functions through pictures, gestures, single words and/or vocalizations. Symbolic Intentional symbolic established (SE) The person is communicating at an established symbolic level. He or she can recognise a large number of pictures, photos and line drawings and is more likely to use these to initiate interactions with familiar people. Photos, pictures and line drawings may also be incorporated into a range of different communication aids including electronic communication devices, boards, books and wallets. The person may put signs, pictures or words together to make simple two-word phrases. The person may use their communication skills to comment, chat, request or reject something. They also have a reliable way of indicating yes and no simple questions. If something is missing, they may seek help from others or try to remember where they last saw it. Person can understand simple 1-2 step instructions and can use photos and line drawing (e.g. COMPIC, Boardmaker PCS for communication) Photographs Line drawings (COMPIC or P.C.S) must be used when communicating with the person or making up communication boards or books. Line drawings (Boardmaker, COMPIC and possibly familiar word) must be used when communicating with the person or making up communication boards or books. Refer to page 33 of this reference manual for general strategies used by effective communication partners. Key word signing 16 to be used by all communication partners regardless of the person’s level of communication. Consistent use of key word sign by communication partners will assist the person to understand what is happening or what is expected of them. With consistent use some people may learn to use key word signing to express themselves. 16. A manual signing approach that combines speaking and signing and produced in English word order (Grove and Walker 1990).
Positive behaviour support: Getting it right from the start - Facilitators reference manual 53 Behaviours of concern and challenging behaviours Every behaviour, regardless of form is communicating a message PowerPoint 73* People do not behave randomly and in fact behaviour is often predictable All behaviour is potentially functional for the individual It is not always easy to work out what the message is! Some important principles 17 to remember are: • There is a reason behind everything we do, for example, if I: - scratch my arm it is probably because it is itchy - am sweating it probably means I am hot - start playing with my hair it probably means I am bored - If I begin pulling at or hitting my ears, I may have an ear ache - cross my arms and tap my foot, it probably means I am angry. People will use the quickest, easiest and most effective way to communicate a message. For people with speech the quickest way to tell someone they are annoying them and to go away, to say they would like to have a conversation or to tell someone they are in pain, is by using speech. However when we are confused, sick or affected by medication, speech is not always easy or a quick way to communicate. What about people with little or no speech and limited access to other forms of communication? How will they tell you these things? People need to communicate for a variety of reasons. Often we take for granted our ability to effectively express ourselves in a way that others understand. Some common reasons for communication are: Common reasons for behaviours • Greet people • Answer questions • Make requests • Comment on situations • Acknowledge the presence of others • Show something to others • Form relationships • Give information • Describe/define ourselves • Refuse or protest • Express our imaginations/fantasies • Express feelings • Seek goods, services, information • Exert some control over the environment • Pain or discomfort. Some of the most common reasons are: • Gaining social interaction • Escape or avoidance of demands • Gaining access to referred activities or tangible objects • Sensory feedback (eg hand flapping, eye poking) • Pursuit of power and control over own life • Reduction of arousal and anxiety. 17. Pat Mirenda, PH.D. Presentation 1994 "Communication Approaches to Challenging Behaviour".
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