Positive Behaviour Support - Department of Human Services - Vic ...

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60 Positive behaviour support: Getting it right from the start - Facilitators reference manual PowerPoint 84 PowerPoint 85 * * Step 2: What happens, before, during and after the behaviour? Now that we know what the behaviour is, we need to gather as much information as possible about the behaviour. • What happens before the behaviour? (Setting events: triggers and warning signs) • What happens during the behaviour? (Action: What did the person actually do? What did it look like?) • What happens after the behaviour? (Results: What is the person getting from the behaviour?) It is not necessary here to be able to identify exactly what triggered the incident. This is sometimes difficult. Our task is to take careful note of relevant events that preceded the episode. By doing this we will often be able to uncover patterns in the behaviour. As mentioned earlier, behaviour is often predictable: that is if A happens B will follow. Setting events, triggers and warning signs In identifying setting events it is important to consider possible background factors. What was happening in the environment? Where did the behaviour occur? Who was there at the time? General setting events The following events may influence whether the behaviour occurs. Factors external to the person • Staff changes • Level of structure in the environment • Activity levels in the environment • Level of stress or tension in the environment • Isolation • Noise levels. Action Factors internal to the individual • Pain • Hunger • Stress • Tension • Depression • Tiredness • Frustration • Medical factors (medical conditions, medication and side effects). Warning signs that the individual displays to indicate that something is not quite right • Person withdraws • Repetitive questioning • Facial expression changes • Mood changes • Pacing • Over activeness • Difficulty attending to task. Describing what the person actually did? What did the behaviour look like? Examples: • Person used left fist to hit co-resident Mary on the head twice. • Banged back of head on wall five times. • Picked up television with both hands and threw it towards the window. The window did not break. • Person picked up chair with both hands and threw it across the kitchen towards staff member. Results: Identifying the result or outcome is about developing an understanding of what the person is getting from the behaviour that motivates them to do it again and again that is what happens following the behaviour that achieves an important result for the person.
PowerPoint 86 PowerPoint 87 * * Positive behaviour support: Getting it right from the start - Facilitators reference manual 61 What did the person get? How did the staff react? • Tangible pay-offs (food, preferred items) • Social interactions (others' reactions) • Escape from undesired or feared situations • Expressed emotions • Sensory feedback (light, noise, smell, touch, taste). Chose one of the behaviours listed above. Identify the setting events, triggers and warning signs. Answer the following two questions: • What did the person get? • How did the staff react? What steps did you take to de-escalate the person? What strategy did you employ? (Active listening, relaxation, redirection, negotiation?)
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