Soil Report - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

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Table 1 indicates some of the more recent land use trends in the Haldimand-Norfolk Region . The most dramatic trend has been the increase in crop land at the expense of pasture and unimproved land . Much of the pasture land has been converted to field crops such as grain corn and soybeans . Woodlot areas also decreased, possibly due to conversion to field crops . Table 1 . Condition of farmland in the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk . 1966' hectares (acres) % 1981' hectares (acres) Total Land Area 291 124 291 229 (719 360) (791 645) Improved Land= 195 318 67 189 354 65 (482 625) (467 905) Crops 145 070 50 164 138 56 (358 464) (405 593) Pasture 25 676 9 9 067 3 (63444) (22405) Unimproved Land 3 48 292 17 36 248 12 (119 327) (89572) Woodland 27 518 9 .5 25 006 9 (67996) (61 791) 'Data compiledfom Census of Canada, 1966, 1981 . 2Includes land under crops, pasture, summer fallow and other. 3Includes woodland and other. Table 2. Distribution of crops and numbers of livestock in the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk Total Areas - 1966' 1981' hectares (acres) Total field crops 145 070 (358 464) 164 138 (405 593) Winter wheat 14 111 (34 867) 15 080 (37 263) Oats (grain) 21 811 (53 894) 5 471 (13 519) Barley 1 517(3749) 6 821 (16 854) Mixed grain 2674(6607) 3863(9546) Rye 7 469 (18 456) 17 062 (42 160) Grain corn 17 827 (44 051) 43 793 (108 215) Fodder corn 5108(12621) 4 787 (11 828) Hay 41 821 (103 338) 25 390 (62 737) Soybeans 864(2 134) 7 601 (18 783) Potatoes 4750 174) 327 (808) Tobacco 22 717 (56 132) 25 410 (62 789) Vegetables 2782(6875) 4 247 (10 495) Tree fruits 1494(3691) 1494(3692) Small fruits 324(801) 256 (633) Total Animals (number) Total cattle 75066 50 183 Dairy cows and heifersz 28 036 20 945 Total pigs 54 751 91 514 'Data compiledfrom Census of Canada, 1966, 1981 . 1Only dairy cows two years and over, heifers one year and over. Recent trends in field crops and livestock are indicated in Table 2 . One of the most noticeable trends has been the marked increase in grain corn and soybeans ; these apparently have replaced much of the hay, pasture and oats . There have also been noticeable increases in the area planted to tobacco, barley and vegetables . This recent shift to cash crops, at the expense of forage crops, is also reflected by the decreased numbers of cattle . The sharp increase in the total number of pigs is probably related in part to the increased areas of grain corn . The most important cash crop in the region, at the present time, is flue-cured tobacco . It is grown entirely on sandy and gravelly soils, but the area planted each year can vary considerably in response to market conditions . Rye has traditionally been the rotation crop grown with tobacco, but winter wheat is sometimes used in some areas of the region . The area planted to vegetable crops has increased since 1966 . In 1981 tomatoes, sweet corn, asparagus and cucumbers were the most popular vegetable crops making up 67% of the total vegetable area . Table 2 indicates no change in the area of land occupied by tree fruits . Small fruits show some decline, possibly reflecting labor problems and adverse market conditions for strawberries . Two special crops that are increasingly popular are ginseng and peanuts . Ginseng, a very high-value crop, has been grown for many years on the well-drained gravels and loams north of Waterford . Increased demand in recent years has resulted in a considerable expansion of this crop on sands and sandy loams as well . In 1981 more than 80 ha were planted to peanuts on the sands of the Delhi-Waterford area . Peanuts may be an important crop in the future on these sandy soils as a supplement to, or replacement for, tobacco . Figure 5 . Ginseng plantings are increasing in the Waterforct- Scotland area Table 3 indicates some recent trends in the number and size of farms . There is a definite trend to fewer farms but little indication of the amalgamation of smaller farms to form larger units .
Ô rt-v., s o s ro Waterford Port Dover Figure 6. Physiographic features of the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk . 3 3 Jarvis Hagersville 3 O Oo 0 0 Caledonia Oe 00 O 0 o 3 o 4r 0 0 0 ELI 3 O o Sand plains Till moraines Clay plains Marsh Cayuga O 1 O O Limestone plains Od Drumlins Beaches and shorecliffs Sand dunes 3 3
Page 1 and 2: REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF HALDIMAND=
Page 3 and 4: INTRODUCTION The soil survey conduc
Page 5 and 6: 1 . Condition of farmland in the Re
Page 7 and 8: MANITOBA Figure 1. General location
Page 9: TOWNSHIP OF NORFOLK K,bmel,es 5 0 5
Page 13 and 14: Table 3. Number and size of farms i
Page 15 and 16: mainly bedrock-controlled. Most of
Page 17 and 18: Figure 10 . Schematic landscape cro
Page 19 and 20: i Wattford soils I Figure 15 . Sche
Page 21 and 22: Figure 17. Location of regional wea
Page 23 and 24: Table 8. First field seeding or pla
Page 25 and 26: Mh Well-to moderately well-drained
Page 27 and 28: A vertical section through the expo
Page 29 and 30: Table 9 . Soils mapped in the Haldi
Page 31 and 32: (d) Very poorly drained 1 . Toledo
Page 33 and 34: Landformand Topography Most Berrien
Page 35 and 36: anges from nearly level on the lacu
Page 37 and 38: Parent Materials and Textures Colwo
Page 39 and 40: Figure 30. These Gobles coarse phas
Page 41 and 42: Parent Materials and Textures Kelvi
Page 43 and 44: Soil Moisture Characteristics Maple
Page 45 and 46: Landform and Topography Oakview soi
Page 47 and 48: Figure 37 . Vegetable crops, such a
Page 49 and 50: Styx Soils (SYX) Location and Exten
Page 51 and 52: Parent Materials and Textures Vanes
Page 53 and 54: strong brown to brownishyellow mott
Page 55 and 56: Parent Materials and Textures Wilso
Page 57 and 58: SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FOR AGRICULTUR
Page 59 and 60: Table 10. Agricultural land capabil
Page 61 and 62:
(Footnotes for Table 10) tOrganic s
Page 63 and 64:
(5) Table 12 . Agricultural land su
Page 65 and 66:
Table 12. Agricultural land suitabi
Page 67 and 68:
Table 14 . The relative effectivene
Page 69 and 70:
Table 15. K-values, K-ranges and er
Page 71 and 72:
Continuedfrom page 66 (c) Slope Gra
Page 73 and 74:
Table 18. C-values for continuous a
Page 75 and 76:
Table 20. C-values for horticultura
Page 77 and 78:
(4) Soil Erosion Assessment Regiona
Page 79 and 80:
(b) Site Specific Soil Loss Potenti
Page 81 and 82:
Table 24. Estimated susceptibility
Page 83 and 84:
v c a> ç C U a PROCEDURE : With ap
Page 85 and 86:
Table 27. Description of wind erodi
Page 87 and 88:
Table 28. Drainage characteristics
Page 89 and 90:
(cm) 0- 20 . 40- 60 80- 100- . 0- 2
Page 91 and 92:
Table 31 . Drainage code slope clas
Page 93 and 94:
N Table 32. Soil interpretations fo
Page 95 and 96:
Table 32 . Soil interpretations for
Page 97 and 98:
Table 35. Explanation of terms and
Page 99 and 100:
1 . Ontario Soil Survey. 1928 . Soi
Page 101:
O %LLSONBUR6.WV¬COMBE,__ 1 7OWNSHI
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