Soil Report - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 7 . Growing season and frost data from the Haldimand-Norfolk Region and vicinity' 'Data estimatedfrom Brown et aL, 1968 (14) Mean Length Growing Mean Annual Growing Mean Annual Corn Mean Date Mean Annual Frost- Growing Season Season Degree- Heat Last First Free Location Starts Ends (days) Days Units Frost Frost Period Brantford Apr . 12 Nov . 5 205 3600 2900 May 13 Oct . 3 143 Caledonia Apr . 11 Nov . 7 207 3700 3000 May 12 Oct . 6 147 Hagersville Apr . 11 Nov . 7 208 3700 3000 May 12 Oct . 6 148 Canboro Apr . 10 Nov . 8 209 3700 3100 May 11 Oct . 9 150 Wetland Apr . 10 Nov . 10 212 3900 3200 May 11 Oct. 14 162 Kohler Apr . 10 Nov. 9 210 3700 3000 May 11 Oct . 10 149 Delhi Apr . 10 Nov . 7 209 3600 2900 May 12 Oct . 6 148 Simcoe Apr . 10 Nov. 8 210 3700 3000 May 11 Oct . 10 149 Aylmer Apr. 10 Nov . 8 210 3700 3000 May 11 Oct. 10 149 St. Williams Apr. 9 Nov. 11 212 3800 3000 May 8 Oct . 14 160 Clear Creek Apr. 9 Nov. 11 213 3800 3100 May 7 Oct. 15 162 Long Point Apr . 9 Nov. 12 215 3900 3100 May 3 Oct . 22 165
Table 8. First field seeding or planting dates for commercial production of vegetables in the Haldimand-Norfolk region' Crops First Planting Dates FROST-HARDY asparagus, broccoli, brussel April 15 - April 25 sprouts, cabbage, lettuce, onion, radish, rhubarb, pea, spinach, parsnip, early potato SEMI-FROST-HARDY beet, carrot, cauliflower, celery, late potato, early sweet corn SEMI-FROST-TENDER snap bean, sweet corn, tomato May 15 - May 25 FROST-TENDER April 25 - May 10 lima bean, cucumber, May 25 - June 5 eggplant, muskmelon, pepper, pumpkin, squash, watermelon 'Adapted from OMAF Publication 363, 1983 Vegetable Production Recommendations Forest Vegetation Although settlers began clearing forests in the Haldimand- Norfolk Region in the late 1700's, 75% of the land was still forested by 1850 (16) . During the next 50 years much of the remaining forest cover was removed ; by 1900 only about 20% was still standing . In 1981 woodland occupied 9% of the region .' During this long forest-clearing period, lumbering was the chief industry in the region until the late 1800's, when agriculture became dominant . Many of the logs were floated down Big Creek and the Grand River to lakeside ports from whence they were shipped . Soon after the sand plains were cleared, depleted fertility and wind erosion forced the abandonment of many farms . Some fairly extensive areas of these degraded sands were reforested in the early 1900's to mainly exotic and nonindigenous conifer species, such as Scots pine, red pine and jack pine (16) . Many windbreaks of these species were planted in remaining sections of the sand plains, during the 1920's and 1930's, as tobacco became the most important agricultural crop . 'Data compiledfrom Census of Canada, 1981 . Figure 18 . Aerial view of tobacco farm, showing windbreaks and reforestation to reduce wind erosion Notes and maps from the original surveys completed prior to settlement in the region indicate an extremely diverse original forest due, in part, to variable soil and moisture conditions, but also due to fires set by Indians prior to white settlement (16) . Among the dominant forest associations recorded were hard maple - beech - elm - basswood on many of the upland clay and silt areas ; almost as widespread on similar upland areas was a butternut - chestnut - white ash - black cherry association . The sand plains were dominated by white pine associations, and oak savannas . Moist lowland areas were often dominated by a single species such as white cedar, willow, alder, tamarack, soft maple or black ash (16) . The Haldimand-Norfolk Region is entirely within the Carolinian zone, a climatic zone that supports native plants and animals having affinities with more southerly areas . Trees of the Carolinian zone that occur in the region include black walnut, shagbark hickory, sweet chestnut, black oak . tulip tree, sassafras and sycamore . Although the original surveys noted some stands dominated by walnut near the mouth of the Grand River, it was estimated that only about 1 %, of the original forest consisted of such Carolinian species, about the same proportion as in present-day stands (16) . In 1963 Maycock (17) estimated that there were fewer than 25 forest stands of 10 ac or more in the Region that were not being logged severely or grazed . One of the bestconserved stands is the Backus Woods in the Port Rowan - Turkey Point area . It occurs on predominantly moist silty clays and sands, and contains many Carolinian elements. Other unique stands occur on the eolian sands and dunes of Turkey Point Provincial Park, and on Long Point Peninsula . The dune ridges of Long Point contain several interesting savanna and forest communities, dominated by such species as eastern cottonwood, red cedar, red oak, white pine, red maple and red ash (18) . The 1981 Census of Canada indicated that woodland comprised about 9% of the total area of the region . Plantation forests of red pine, white pine, jack pine, Scots pine, Norway spruce and white spruce occupy a significant portion of woodlands on well-drained sands . Elsewhere, the present forest associations are generally similar to those indicated in Figures 19, 20 and 21 .
Page 1 and 2: REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF HALDIMAND=
Page 3 and 4: INTRODUCTION The soil survey conduc
Page 5 and 6: 1 . Condition of farmland in the Re
Page 7 and 8: MANITOBA Figure 1. General location
Page 9 and 10: TOWNSHIP OF NORFOLK K,bmel,es 5 0 5
Page 11 and 12: Ô rt-v., s o s ro Waterford Port D
Page 13 and 14: Table 3. Number and size of farms i
Page 15 and 16: mainly bedrock-controlled. Most of
Page 17 and 18: Figure 10 . Schematic landscape cro
Page 19 and 20: i Wattford soils I Figure 15 . Sche
Page 21: Figure 17. Location of regional wea
Page 25 and 26: Mh Well-to moderately well-drained
Page 27 and 28: A vertical section through the expo
Page 29 and 30: Table 9 . Soils mapped in the Haldi
Page 31 and 32: (d) Very poorly drained 1 . Toledo
Page 33 and 34: Landformand Topography Most Berrien
Page 35 and 36: anges from nearly level on the lacu
Page 37 and 38: Parent Materials and Textures Colwo
Page 39 and 40: Figure 30. These Gobles coarse phas
Page 41 and 42: Parent Materials and Textures Kelvi
Page 43 and 44: Soil Moisture Characteristics Maple
Page 45 and 46: Landform and Topography Oakview soi
Page 47 and 48: Figure 37 . Vegetable crops, such a
Page 49 and 50: Styx Soils (SYX) Location and Exten
Page 51 and 52: Parent Materials and Textures Vanes
Page 53 and 54: strong brown to brownishyellow mott
Page 55 and 56: Parent Materials and Textures Wilso
Page 57 and 58: SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FOR AGRICULTUR
Page 59 and 60: Table 10. Agricultural land capabil
Page 61 and 62: (Footnotes for Table 10) tOrganic s
Page 63 and 64: (5) Table 12 . Agricultural land su
Page 65 and 66: Table 12. Agricultural land suitabi
Page 67 and 68: Table 14 . The relative effectivene
Page 69 and 70: Table 15. K-values, K-ranges and er
Page 71 and 72: Continuedfrom page 66 (c) Slope Gra
Page 73 and 74:
Table 18. C-values for continuous a
Page 75 and 76:
Table 20. C-values for horticultura
Page 77 and 78:
(4) Soil Erosion Assessment Regiona
Page 79 and 80:
(b) Site Specific Soil Loss Potenti
Page 81 and 82:
Table 24. Estimated susceptibility
Page 83 and 84:
v c a> ç C U a PROCEDURE : With ap
Page 85 and 86:
Table 27. Description of wind erodi
Page 87 and 88:
Table 28. Drainage characteristics
Page 89 and 90:
(cm) 0- 20 . 40- 60 80- 100- . 0- 2
Page 91 and 92:
Table 31 . Drainage code slope clas
Page 93 and 94:
N Table 32. Soil interpretations fo
Page 95 and 96:
Table 32 . Soil interpretations for
Page 97 and 98:
Table 35. Explanation of terms and
Page 99 and 100:
1 . Ontario Soil Survey. 1928 . Soi
Page 101:
O %LLSONBUR6.WV¬COMBE,__ 1 7OWNSHI
show all

Soil Report - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?