Soil Report - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

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They occur on topography ranging from nearly level to strongly sloping, but are most prevalent on slopes of 3-6% . Parent Materials and Textures Bookton soils have developed on shallow lacustrine and eolian sands overlying clayey lacustrine and till deposits . The surface consists of 40-100 cm of fine sand, sand or loamy sand overlying silty clay loam, silty clay or clay . Soil Moisture Characteristics Bookton soils are well-drained . The surface sands are rapidly permeable, but underlying clays are only moderately to slowly permeable . On flatter sites, groundwater may perch on the clays for brief periods of time . Surface sands have relatively low water-holding capacities and are droughty during dry summers . Surface runoff is slow on level to gently sloping Bookton soils, but increases on moderate and strong slopes . General Soil Description The surface Ap horizon usually consists of 20-25 cm of fine sandy loam . It is underlaid by 40- 70 cm of sandy A and B horizons over clays . The clay content of the sands usually is greatest in the Bt horizon near the clay contact . The clays at this contact zone are sometimes tough and compacted . The clayey materials which comprise the IICk horizon, have silty clay loam or silty clay textures on lacustrine plains (BOO), and silty clay loam or clay textures on till moraines (BOO.T) . The IICk horizon is usually very strongly calcareous . Soil reaction ranges from strongly acidic or neutral in the surface horizons, to moderately alkaline in the subsoil . Soil classification is usually Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol . Commonly Associated Soils In lacustrine areas, Berrien (BRR) and Wauseon (WUS) soils are most often associated with Bookton soils in map units BOO 3 and BOO 4 . Berrien and Wauseon soils have similar parent materials, but differ from Bookton soils by being imperfectly and poorly drained, respectively . In till areas, Bookton soils are most often associated with imperfectly drained Gobles (GOB) in map unit BOO 15, and till phase Berrien (BRR.T) soils in map unit BOO 13 . General Land Use Comments (1) Bookton soils are widely used for tobacco, grain corn, winter wheat, sour cherries, and some other horticultural crops . Doughtiness can be a problem and supplemental irrigation may be necessary for some crops . (2) Bookton soils are suitable foremost upland forest tree species, especially white pine, red pine and black walnut . Figure 25 . Tomatoes growing on a Bookton soil near Boston Brady Soils (BAY) Location and Extent Brady soils are mainly confined to the Norfolk sand plain in the western half of the region . They also occupy some small areas near Dunnville at the east end of the region . There are 872 ha of pure Brady map units, and 14669 ha of Brady soils in complex map units, most often associated with Fox and Granby soils . Landform and Topography Brady soils occur mainly on level areas of the Norfolk sand plain . They are often underlain at a few meters depth by impermeable clays or silts . Brady soils occupy topography ranging from level to very gently sloping, and are most prevalent on slopes of 0 .5- 2'/,, . Parent Materials and Textures Brady soils have developed on lacustrine sands, usually modified somewhat at the surface by wind action . Soil textures are most commonly loamy sand or sand, with occasional fine sand at the surface . Soil Moisture Characteristics Brady soils are imperfectly drained and usually rapidly permeable . Groundwater levels rise into the subsurface horizons of Brady soils during the winter and spring . Brady soils have relatively low waterholding capacities and consequently are droughty during dry summers . They have slow surface runoff . General Soil Description The surface Ap horizons usually consist of 20-25 cm of loamy sand or sand, underlain by 25- 65 cm of loamy sand or sand in subsoil A and B horizons . Distinct to prominent reddish yellow or dark yellowish brown mottles are usually present below the 30 cm depth . The strongly to very strongly calcareous Ck horizon usually begins at 45-85 cm depth and consists of sand . Soil reaction ranges from very strongly acidic to neutral in the surface horizons, and is usually moderately alkaline in the subsoil . Soil classification is typically Gleyed Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol . Commonly Associated Soils Brady soils are most often associated with Fox (FOX) soils in map unit BAY 4, and with Granby (GNY) soils in map unit BAY 5 . Fox and Granby soils differ from the Brady soils by being well drained and poorly drained, respectively . General Land Use Comments (1) Brady soils are extensively used for tobacco . To a lesser extent they are used forgrain corn, winter wheat. strawberries, and several commercial vegetable crops . Tile drainage is occasionally necessary for wet spots . Brady soils usually suffer from surface droughtiness and require supplemental irrigation for high-value crops like tobacco . (2) Brady soils are considered to be very good for wood production of most commercial tree species . Droughtiness can be a problem for recent plantings . Brant Soils (BRT) Location and Extent Brant soils are confined to the western part of the region, adjacent to the eastern edge of the Norfolk sand plain . They are especially prevalent in the Simcoe-Waterford area and near Langton . There are 3389 ha of pure Brant map units, and 3607 ha of Brant soils in complex map units where they are most frequently associated with Tuscola, Walsher and Alluvium 1 soils . Landform and Topography Brant soils occur on areas of glaciolacustrine silts that are usually transitional between shallow water sands and deep water clays . Topography
anges from nearly level on the lacustrine plain, to very strongly sloping along some of the dissected valley walls . Parent Materials and Textures Brant soils have usually developed on silt loam or very fine sandy loam lacustrine sediments, that are often stratified . Coarser sands sometimes occur on the surface, and silty clay loam layers are sometimes present in the subsoil . Soil Moisture Characteristics Brant soils are well-drained . They are usually moderately permeable, but the permeability decreases where silty clay loam or compacted layers are present . Brant soils have fairly high water-holding capacities. Surface runoff can be high, and increases markedly with slope . General Soil Description The surface Ap horizons usually consist of about 20 cm of silt loam, loam or very fine sandy loam . Some Brant soils, e .g . (BRT .C), have sandier surface horizons consisting mainly of loamy fine sand, 15-40 cm thick . These surface horizons are normally underlain by about 25 cm of very fine sandy loam or silt loam over a distinctive, dark brown Bt horizon of loam or silty clay loam texture . This Bt horizon is usually closer to the surface on slopes due to erosion of the surficial materials . The strongly to very strongly calcareous Ck horizon occurs, usually, at about the 100 cm depth . Near Springvale there are very shallow phase Brant soils (BRT .V), where the soils are only 20-50 cm deep over bedrock . The texture of the Ck horizon of Brant soils is usually silt loam, but unlike the Bt horizon, may contain thin layers of sandier textures . Soil reaction ranges from strongly acidic to neutral in the surface soil horizons, to moderately alkaline in the subsoil . Soil classification is usually Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol . Commonly Associated Soils The Tuscola (TUC) soils, often associated with Brant soils in map unit BRT 4, differ from the Brant soils only by being imperfectly drained . In the Simcoe-Langton areas, Brant soils are often associated in the BRT 8 map unit with the well-drained Walsher soils that have 40-100 cm of sand over silt loam . Brant soils also border several stream valleys occupied by Alluvium 1 (1- ALU), which has variable textures and drainages . The map unit BRT 13 includes the Brant soils of the valley slopes, and the alluvial soils of the floodplains. General Land Use Comments (1) Brant soils are excellent agricultural soils, widely used for grain corn and all other common field crops, as well as for a Figure 26. Eroded slopes are common on these rolling Brant soils near Langton 34 number of special crops such as apples, lima beans, carrots, peppers and tomatoes . Their main limitation is their susceptibility to water erosion on slopes. (2) Brant soils are also excellent forestry soils, again limited by potential erosion damage on moderate to steep slopes . Brantford Soils (BFO) Location and Extent Brantford soils are widespread in the region and occur everywhere except along the western edge of Norfolk County . There are 6689 ha of pure Brantford map units, and 13747 ha of Brantford soils in complex map units where they are most often associated with Beverly and Toledo soils . There are also relatively large Brantford soil areas associated with Lincoln and Alluvium 1 soils . Landform and Topography Brantford soils occupy portions of most of the Haldimand clay plain . The topography ranges from nearly level to very strongly sloping . Most slopes range between 3 and 7%, with steeper, dissected slopes near some river and stream valleys . Parent Materials and Textures Brantford soils have mainlv developed on lacustrine silty clay loam and silty clay deposits . Surface textures are most commonly silty clay loam, but sometimes silt loam or silty clay textures also occur . Subsoil textures are usually silty clay loam or silty clay . Soil Moisture Characteristics Brantford soils are moderately well-drained . They are moderately to slowly permeable . depending upon the incidence of soil cracks and subsoil compaction . Groundwater may perch near the surface of Brantford soils for brief periods . They have relatively high water-holding capacities, but can exhibit summer droughtiness . Surface runoff from Brantford soils is generally rapid . General Soil Description The surface Ap horizons of Brantford soils usually consist of 10-15 cm of silty clay loam . There are some loamy phase Brantford soils (BFO .L) consisting of 15-40 cm of silt loam or loam at the surface, and some coarse phase Brantford soils (BFO.C) with surfaces of fine sandy loam . Bt horizons usually begin at the 20-25 cm depth, and consist of compact silty clay or clay . The strongly calcareous Ck horizons, which usually commence at the 45- 60 cm depth, are most often composed of silty clay with occasional silty clay loam or clay layers . In the Hagersville area, there are some shallow phase (BFO .S) and very shallow phase (BFO.V) Brantford soils . Soil reaction of Brantford soils ranges from very strongly acidic or neutral in the surface horizons, to moderately alkaline in the subsoil . Soil classification is usually Brunisolic Gray Brown Luvisol . Commonly Associated Soils Beverly (BVY) and Toledo (TLD) soils occur extensively with Brantford soils in map units BFO 6 and BFO 7 . They differ from Brantford soils in being imperfectly drained and poorly drained, respectively. There are also major occurrences of Brantford soils with Lincoln (LIC) soils in map unit BFO 10 in the northern part of the Town of Haldimand . Lincoln soils differ in being poorly drained and having heavy clay textures . Alluvium 1 soils (1-ALU) with variable textures and drainages are often associated with Brantford soils in map unit BFO 12, which occupies stream valley-floodplain areas. General Land Use Comments (1) Brantford soils are very important for agriculture . They are used for all the common field crops, increasingly so for grain corn and soybeans . They are used to some extent for horticultural crops such as apples or cabbages. Overcompacted subsoils, droughtiness and erosion on slopes can be limi-
Page 1 and 2: REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF HALDIMAND=
Page 3 and 4: INTRODUCTION The soil survey conduc
Page 5 and 6: 1 . Condition of farmland in the Re
Page 7 and 8: MANITOBA Figure 1. General location
Page 9 and 10: TOWNSHIP OF NORFOLK K,bmel,es 5 0 5
Page 11 and 12: Ô rt-v., s o s ro Waterford Port D
Page 13 and 14: Table 3. Number and size of farms i
Page 15 and 16: mainly bedrock-controlled. Most of
Page 17 and 18: Figure 10 . Schematic landscape cro
Page 19 and 20: i Wattford soils I Figure 15 . Sche
Page 21 and 22: Figure 17. Location of regional wea
Page 23 and 24: Table 8. First field seeding or pla
Page 25 and 26: Mh Well-to moderately well-drained
Page 27 and 28: A vertical section through the expo
Page 29 and 30: Table 9 . Soils mapped in the Haldi
Page 31 and 32: (d) Very poorly drained 1 . Toledo
Page 33: Landformand Topography Most Berrien
Page 37 and 38: Parent Materials and Textures Colwo
Page 39 and 40: Figure 30. These Gobles coarse phas
Page 41 and 42: Parent Materials and Textures Kelvi
Page 43 and 44: Soil Moisture Characteristics Maple
Page 45 and 46: Landform and Topography Oakview soi
Page 47 and 48: Figure 37 . Vegetable crops, such a
Page 49 and 50: Styx Soils (SYX) Location and Exten
Page 51 and 52: Parent Materials and Textures Vanes
Page 53 and 54: strong brown to brownishyellow mott
Page 55 and 56: Parent Materials and Textures Wilso
Page 57 and 58: SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FOR AGRICULTUR
Page 59 and 60: Table 10. Agricultural land capabil
Page 61 and 62: (Footnotes for Table 10) tOrganic s
Page 63 and 64: (5) Table 12 . Agricultural land su
Page 65 and 66: Table 12. Agricultural land suitabi
Page 67 and 68: Table 14 . The relative effectivene
Page 69 and 70: Table 15. K-values, K-ranges and er
Page 71 and 72: Continuedfrom page 66 (c) Slope Gra
Page 73 and 74: Table 18. C-values for continuous a
Page 75 and 76: Table 20. C-values for horticultura
Page 77 and 78: (4) Soil Erosion Assessment Regiona
Page 79 and 80: (b) Site Specific Soil Loss Potenti
Page 81 and 82: Table 24. Estimated susceptibility
Page 83 and 84: v c a> ç C U a PROCEDURE : With ap
Page 85 and 86:
Table 27. Description of wind erodi
Page 87 and 88:
Table 28. Drainage characteristics
Page 89 and 90:
(cm) 0- 20 . 40- 60 80- 100- . 0- 2
Page 91 and 92:
Table 31 . Drainage code slope clas
Page 93 and 94:
N Table 32. Soil interpretations fo
Page 95 and 96:
Table 32 . Soil interpretations for
Page 97 and 98:
Table 35. Explanation of terms and
Page 99 and 100:
1 . Ontario Soil Survey. 1928 . Soi
Page 101:
O %LLSONBUR6.WV¬COMBE,__ 1 7OWNSHI
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Soil Report - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

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