Soil Report - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

l . General location of the Regional Municipality of
Haldimand-Norfolk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2. Ontario Hydro generating plant near Nanticoke . . . . 7
3. Residential housing in the new town of
Townsend, near Jarvis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 . Main towns, roads and municipal boundaries of
the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk . .
5 . Ginseng plantings are increasing in the Waterford-
Scotland area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6 . Physiographic features of the Regional
Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7 . Main streams and watersheds of the Regional
Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8 . An aerial view of the Haldimand plain near
Caledonia, showing typical terrain of gentle
slopes and pot-holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9 . Bedrock geology of the Regional Municipality
of Haldimand-Norfolk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10 . Schematic landscape cross-section showing the
relationship of surficial sands to underlying
deposits on the Norfolk sand plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
11 . Schematic landscape cross-section showing soil
parent materials associated with the Tillsonburg
moraine near Teeterville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12 . Schematic landscape cross-section showing the
relationship of drumlins to the bedrock and
overlying deposits near Cayuga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
13 . Gravel mining near Waterford, where high water
tables prevent rehabilitation to agriculture . . . . . . . . 17
.
14 . Schematic landscape cross-section showing soil
parent materials associated with the Galt moraine . .
near Wilsonville . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 . Schematic landscape cross-section near Waterford,
showing the relationship of silty deposits to
adjacent sands and clays of the Norfolk sand
plain and Haldimand clay plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
16 . Schematic landscape cross-section showing soil
and bedrock relationships in the vicinity of the
Onondaga escarpment near Decewsville . . . . . . . . . . . 18
17 . Location of regional weather stations in the
Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk
and immediate vicinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
18 . Aerial view of tobacco farm, showing windbreaks
and reforestation to reduce wind erosion . . . . . . . . . 22
19 . Typical forest tree distribution on a toposequence
of sandy soils in the Haldimand-Norfolk Region . . . . 23
20 . Typical forest tree distribution on a toposequence
of loamy soils in the Haldimand-Norfolk Region . . . 23
21 . Typical forest tree distribution on a toposequence
of clayey soils in the Haldimand-Norfolk Region . . . 24
22 . Diagrammatic soil profile of a typical welldrained
soil in the Haldimand-Norfolk Region . . . . . 25
LIST OF FIGURES
17
23 . Diagrammatic soil profile of a typical poorly
drained soil in the Haldimand-Norfolk Region . . . . . 26
24 . Alluvial soils on the Grand River floodplain
near Cayuga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
25 . Tomatoes growing on a Bookton soil near Boston . . 33
26 . Eroded slopes are common on these rolling
Brantsoils near Langton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
27 . Dwarf apples on moderately sloping Brantford
soils near Tyrrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
28 . Farmington soils occur on some stream valley
slopes on the Haldimand clay plain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
29 . Harvesting potatoes on Fox sands near Round
Plains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
30. These Gobles coarse phase soils near Port Rowan
are often used for vegetable crops such as
cucumbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
31 . Granby peaty phase soils are sometimes drained
and used for vegetable or cash crops . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
32. Typical Haldimand soil profile, showing blocky
and prismatic structures in the lower part of
the profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
33 . Shrinkage cracks are common in Lincoln soils
during dry periods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
34 . Aerial view of Lowbanks and Walsingham soils
near Dunnville, showing patchy drainage pattern . . . 41
35 . Tobacco is the most common crop on Plainfield
soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
36 . Typical soil tongue in a Plainfield dune phase soil . . 45
37 . Vegetable crops, such as peppers, are
replacing tobacco on some Scotland soils . . . . . . . . . 46
38 . Tavistock soils occupy the level upland plain above
the eroded Lake Erie shoreline near Normandale . . 48
39 . Swampy areas like this are typical of most undrained
Waterin soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
40 . Cucumbers, and other vegetable crops, are grown
extensively on Wattford soils . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
41 . Complex 4, consisting of alternate ridge and marsh
areas, near the eastern end of Long Point . . . . . . . . . 54
42 . Portion of a soil map and legend for the
Haldimand-Norfolk Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
43 . Nomograph for the prediction of cropland erosion
potential in the Haldimand-Norfolk Region . . . . . . . 77
44 . Distribution of the rainfall factor "R" for southern
Ontario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
45 . Nomograph for the computation of soil erodibility
(K) on the basis of soil properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
46 . Generalized surface water and groundwater soil
groupings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
47 . Index of soil maps available for the Regional
Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100