Soil Report - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

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GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA Location, Size and Population The Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk is located in southern Ontario along the northern shore of Lake Erie (Figure 1) . It lies between 79°45' and 81° 15' W . and between 42°30' and 43'15' N . It is bounded on the south by Lake Erie, on the east by the Regional Municipality of Niagara, on the north by the Regional Municipality of Hamilton- Wentworth, Brant and Oxford counties, and on the west by Elgin County . According to 1981 Census of Canada figures, the total area of the Region is 291 229 hectares (ha) ]719 645 acres (ac) ] . Total farmland in 1981 was 225 603 ha (557 477 ac), about 77% of the total land area . The population of the municipality was 89 460 in 1981 . The greatest urban population centres in 1976 were the towns of Simcoe and Delhi . Smaller population centres were Dunnville, Hagersville, Caledonia, Port Dover, Cayuga, Waterford and Jarvis . A large new industrial complex was initiated near Nanticoke in the early 1970's by the building of an Ontario Hydro generating plant . The Townsend town site (5350 ha) is an area of land north of the new industrial complex that was purchased by the Ontario government in 1975 to accommodate the anticipated population growth resulting from the Nanticoke industrial development . The main towns, roads and municipal boundaries of the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk are shown in Figure 4. Agricultural Development and Land Use The first white settlers began to move into the areas now within the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk sometime around 100 . At the time, heavily forested Haldimand County had been granted to the Six Nations Indians . Norfolk County also was covered by magnificent forests of white pine, oak and other hardwoods . Lumbering was the chief industry during those early years when the forest was being cleared for settlement and agricultural development . Figure 2 . Ontario Hydro generating plant near Nanticoke Figure 3. Residential housing in the new town of Townsend, near Jarvis The first settlements were along the shores of Lake Erie and the Grand River . Many of the first settlers were United Empire Loyalists from the United States . Others, particularly in Haldimand County, originated from Germany, Holland and Great Britain . By 1812 the population of Norfolk County was 3,000. Most of the early farms combined general farming with some livestock, usually sheep and cattle . Indian corn was a staple food until grist mills were built, then wheat and other small grains became important crops . There was some fruit growing and, as markets were created, market gardening on the sandier soils . By 1921', 64% of the improved land in Norfolk County was growing field crops, chiefly hay, oats, winter wheat and buckwheat . Substantial areas of rye, grain corn, mixed grain, potatoes and barley were also grown . About 30% of improved land was classed as pasture, idle, or fallow land, and the remaining 5 % was fruit and vegetables . By the early 1900's, much of the cleared sandy land in Norfolk County was badly depleted of plant nutrients, and was being severely eroded by wind . Many of these eroded sandy farms were abandoned, which accounts for the large proportion of idle and pasture land in the 1921 Census . By the 1920's reforestation of these eroded sands was in full swing . In 1925, 60 ac of a new crop called flue-cured tobacco were grown on sands ; by 1930 the area of flue-cured tobacco had increased to 14,000 ac . The increased production of tobacco, accompanied by the use of strip cropping techniques, windbreaks and reforestation, stabilized the sands and greatly increased the agricultural value of the sandy land . 'Data compiledfrom Census of Canada, 1921
TOWNSHIP OF NORFOLK K,bmel,es 5 0 5 10 L - t' -i 'F Port Rowan Port Dover Nanticoke Industrial Complex Figure 4. Main towns, roads and municipal boundaries of the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk . --0-- Kings Highways Lake Erie - Regional Highways Regional Boundary .:.. . . .. . .:.. Municipal Boundary Caledonia TOWN OF DUNNVILLE
Page 1 and 2: REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF HALDIMAND=
Page 3 and 4: INTRODUCTION The soil survey conduc
Page 5 and 6: 1 . Condition of farmland in the Re
Page 7: MANITOBA Figure 1. General location
Page 11 and 12: Ô rt-v., s o s ro Waterford Port D
Page 13 and 14: Table 3. Number and size of farms i
Page 15 and 16: mainly bedrock-controlled. Most of
Page 17 and 18: Figure 10 . Schematic landscape cro
Page 19 and 20: i Wattford soils I Figure 15 . Sche
Page 21 and 22: Figure 17. Location of regional wea
Page 23 and 24: Table 8. First field seeding or pla
Page 25 and 26: Mh Well-to moderately well-drained
Page 27 and 28: A vertical section through the expo
Page 29 and 30: Table 9 . Soils mapped in the Haldi
Page 31 and 32: (d) Very poorly drained 1 . Toledo
Page 33 and 34: Landformand Topography Most Berrien
Page 35 and 36: anges from nearly level on the lacu
Page 37 and 38: Parent Materials and Textures Colwo
Page 39 and 40: Figure 30. These Gobles coarse phas
Page 41 and 42: Parent Materials and Textures Kelvi
Page 43 and 44: Soil Moisture Characteristics Maple
Page 45 and 46: Landform and Topography Oakview soi
Page 47 and 48: Figure 37 . Vegetable crops, such a
Page 49 and 50: Styx Soils (SYX) Location and Exten
Page 51 and 52: Parent Materials and Textures Vanes
Page 53 and 54: strong brown to brownishyellow mott
Page 55 and 56: Parent Materials and Textures Wilso
Page 57 and 58: SOIL INTERPRETATIONS FOR AGRICULTUR
Page 59 and 60:
Table 10. Agricultural land capabil
Page 61 and 62:
(Footnotes for Table 10) tOrganic s
Page 63 and 64:
(5) Table 12 . Agricultural land su
Page 65 and 66:
Table 12. Agricultural land suitabi
Page 67 and 68:
Table 14 . The relative effectivene
Page 69 and 70:
Table 15. K-values, K-ranges and er
Page 71 and 72:
Continuedfrom page 66 (c) Slope Gra
Page 73 and 74:
Table 18. C-values for continuous a
Page 75 and 76:
Table 20. C-values for horticultura
Page 77 and 78:
(4) Soil Erosion Assessment Regiona
Page 79 and 80:
(b) Site Specific Soil Loss Potenti
Page 81 and 82:
Table 24. Estimated susceptibility
Page 83 and 84:
v c a> ç C U a PROCEDURE : With ap
Page 85 and 86:
Table 27. Description of wind erodi
Page 87 and 88:
Table 28. Drainage characteristics
Page 89 and 90:
(cm) 0- 20 . 40- 60 80- 100- . 0- 2
Page 91 and 92:
Table 31 . Drainage code slope clas
Page 93 and 94:
N Table 32. Soil interpretations fo
Page 95 and 96:
Table 32 . Soil interpretations for
Page 97 and 98:
Table 35. Explanation of terms and
Page 99 and 100:
1 . Ontario Soil Survey. 1928 . Soi
Page 101:
O %LLSONBUR6.WV¬COMBE,__ 1 7OWNSHI
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Soil Report - Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada

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