Chapter 18 Lexical Functions: Description of Lexical Relations in a ...

—Chapter 18. Lexical Functions— 37
adjective, etc.), provided the meaning of L is a functor, i.e., the name of an event, process,
relation, property, etc. All structural derivations have their inverse functions: if S 0(LV) = L´, then
V 0(L´) = LV, etc.
However, A 0 is an exception in this respect: it can apply to the names of concrete objects,
and when an A 0 is applied to a concrete noun, it has no inverse function, as can be seen from the
example with A 0(city) above.
An overview of theoretically possible structural derivations is presented in Fig. 2 below.
DER(L)
L
S0 A0 V0 Adv0 S A (honesty) = honest
0 V0(attackN) = attackV Adv (rapidity) = fast
0
A S 0(honest) = honesty V 0(sick) = vomitV Adv 0 (broad) = broadly
V S 0(attackV) = attackN A 0 (vomitV) = sick
Adv S0(fast) = rapidity [room] A0(broadly) = broad V0(fast) = rushV
Figure 18-1: Theoretically Possible Structural [= DSynt-] Derivations
Adv 0 (rushV) = fast
LFs 11-20 are meaningful derivations of L—i.e., LUs which add something to
the meaning of L. As a rule, the meaning of such a derivation of L includes that of L:
(DER meaningful (L)) ⊃ (L).
LFs 11-20 are applicable to any L which expresses a functor—that is, denotes a si-
tuation. Among them, LFs 11-16 are actantial and circumstantial nouns. S1 is applicable to LUs
that have at least one Sem-Actant, S 2 to LUs that have at least two SemAs, etc.
11. S i = actantial nouns
The LF S i is the standard name of the i-th DSynt-actant of L; S i are actantial nouns:
principally, agent noun [(the one who L-s)] and patient noun [(the one whom someone/ something
L-s)].
The elements of the value of an S i(L) are of two syntactic types discussed above: fused and
non-fused. A fused element is used in the text instead of L (especially if this L is a verb); a non-
fused element is used in the text together with L, taking it as its own DSyntA II: S i−II→L.