Chapter 18 Lexical Functions: Description of Lexical Relations in a ...

—Chapter 18. Lexical Functions— 55
NB: Let it be remembered that LF verbs taking their keyword as SSynt-Subject are quoted in the 3rd person
singular: such is, e.g., the case of all Func; otherwise, they are in the infinitive.
is used:
In case there is no object at all, i.e., Func i is an absolutely intransitive verb, the subscript 0
Func 0(snowN) = falls [At night, the snow started to fall] Func 0(war) = is on
Func 0(silence) = reigns Func 0(smellN) = lingers
45. Labor ijk [Lat. laborāre ([to] work, toil)] = support verb with L as 2nd Object
The DSyntA I of a Labor verb (and its SSynt-Subject) is the i-th DSyntA(L), its DSyntA II
(= its main SSynt-Object) is the j-th DSyntA of L, its DSyntA III (= its secondary SSynt-Object)
is the k-th DSyntA of L, and its further DSyntA (= its tertiary SSynt-Object) is L itself.
Examples
Labor 12(interrogation) = subject [NY to an interrogation, where the keyword INTERROGATION is
DSyntA III of the verb to subject]
Labor 321(leaseN) = grant [NY to NZ on lease, where the keyword LEASEN is DSyntA IV of
the verb grant; the underlying expression is X leases Z from Y]
Rus. NASLEDSTVO (inheritance) (the underlying expression is X nasleduet Y ot Z-a (X
inherits Y from Z)) has the following three Labors:
Labor 123(nasledstvo) = polučit´ [N acc ot N gen v ~] lit. (receive NY from NZ in inheritance)
Labor 213(nasledstvo) = dostat´sja [N dat ot N gen v ~] lit. (come to NX from NZ in inheritance)
Labor 321(nasledstvo) = ostavit´ [N acc N dat v ~] lit. (leave NY to NX in inheritance)
In all these examples, the phrase v nasledstvo (in inheritance) is the DSyntA IV of Labor.
Oper 0/i, Func 0/i and Labor ijk
can be paired in converse relations:
Oper 1 = Conv 21(Func 1); Labor 12 = Conv 132(Oper 1); etc.
These relations may be diagrammed—for a two-actant LU, in this case ANALYSIS—as follows:
Oper 0
Func 2
L = ANALYSIS
Func 0
Oper Oper
Func
2
1 2
Labor
12
Labor
21
I = JOHN II = PHENOMENON
Figure 18-2
Support Verbs and Their DSynt-Relationships with their Keyword