Chapter 18 Lexical Functions: Description of Lexical Relations in a ...

—Chapter 18. Lexical Functions— 58
Incep(ljubit´ (love)) = //po+ljubit´, ... [‘//’ indicates, as was said several times, fused elements of
an LF value]. Compare as well: Incep(burn [intrans.]) ≈ //catch fire; flare up (with addition of
(intensely) = Magn, i.e., we have here [Magn + Incep](burn)); or else Fin(sleepV) = //awakeV.
49-51. Causation verbs
The LFs 49-51 express the meaning of causation: 17
Caus [Lat. causāre] means (cause) [≈ (do something so that a situation begins occurring)]
Perm [Lat. permittere] means (permit/allow) [≈ (do nothing which would cause that a situation
stops occurring)]
Liqu [Lat. *liquidāre] means (liquidate) [≈ (do something so that a situation stops occurring)]
Thus, these LFs are semantically full.
negation:
Very much like phasal LFs, these LFs are also linked by semantic relations based on
Liqu(P) = AntiCaus(P) = Caus(NonP)
Perm(P) = NonLiqu(P) = NonCaus(NonP)
And also like phasal verbal LFs, the causation LFs are often used in combination with other
verbal LFs.
Examples
CausOper 1(opinion) = lead [NX to ART ~]
PermFunc 0(aggression) = condone [ART ~]
CausFunc 0(crisis) = bring about [ART ~]
LiquFunc 0(aggression) = stop [ART ~], put an end [to ART ~]
LiquFunc 0(traces) = wipe out [ART ~]
CausFunc 1(hopeN) = raise [~ in NX]
Yet they can also be found (depending on the language) outside of complex LFs: thus, in
Russian we have:
Caus(pit´ (drink)) = //poit´ Caus(serdit´sja (be angry)) = //serdit´
Caus(spat´ (sleep)) = //usypit´ Caus(katit´sja (roll [intrans.])) = //katit´
Remarks
1. Causation LFs and the actantial structure of complex LFs with their participation. Unlike all the
other LFs, which never change the actantial structure of the LU L referring to a given situation, a
causation LF introduces, as a general rule, a new SemA and, as a consequence, a new DSyntA:
the Causer/the Cause. The Causer/the Cause is expressed as DSyntA I of the causation LF, and