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424 NOTES TO THE VARANGIAN.<br />

" By the resurrection and glory of the Deity," was William's<br />

constant oath.<br />

(!*)<br />

Now, driven for ever thence, doth naked roam<br />

The dreary woods, and in their winter caves<br />

Companion with the wolf. . . . . p. 278.<br />

Sharon Turner says the facts which Ordericus relates of the<br />

miseries of the English, remind us of the sufferings occasioned<br />

by the French Revolution. "The most ancient and opulent<br />

families (English) were reduced to indigence ; they pined for<br />

want on the very estates which had descended to them through<br />

a long line of illustrious ancestors." Russell's Hist. Eng.<br />

Ingulphus refuses to give a description of the horrible barbarities<br />

practised by his countrymen on the Saxons, because,<br />

he it<br />

says, could not be credited by succeeding times.<br />

" In a word, a feudal baron was a king in miniature, and a<br />

barony was a little kingdom." Dr. Henry.<br />

" When the Anglo-Saxon nobles fled with their families to<br />

the woods, and sought subsistence by rapine, the districts<br />

which they could pervade became so unsafe, that every man<br />

was obliged to fortify his house like a besieged castle every<br />

night and j prayers were said by the elder of the family on the<br />

shutting of the doors and windows, as in a tempest at sea."<br />

Mid. Ages.<br />

The deeds of the Norman barons, from whom some English<br />

families are weak enough to pride themselves for being descended,<br />

may be found recorded in Huntington, William of Newhery,<br />

William of Tyre, and many other of the old chroniclers.<br />

Ignorant, bloody, and despotic as a negro king in the wilds of<br />

Africa, their castles were literally dens of robbers, from which<br />

they continually darted forth to plunder and destroy. One of<br />

these wretches was in the habit of carrying a concealed sword,<br />

with which he used, when in the humour, to stab, with loud<br />

shouts of laughter, any defenceless person he met ; yet such<br />

was the extent of his power and the daring ferocity of his<br />

character, that he was applauded and admired. We read of<br />

another who would thrust out the eyes of children with his<br />

thumb, and impale alive both men and women against whom<br />

he entertained any dislike. Speed tells of one of the Earls of<br />

Warren, who scooped out with his thumb the eyes of his own<br />

son, a child, in the castle of Wareham.<br />

Another of these earl-fiends, a Breton lord, named Giles de<br />

Laval, Marechal de Ritz, (the origin, one might imagine, of the<br />

tale of <strong>Blue</strong> Beard,) at so late a period as 1449, was accused of<br />

sorcery, and of having sold himself to the devil to obtain that

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