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A Roman Outpost on Tweedside 185
they were found. Altogether 249 coins were found during the
excavation, and these are described with full numismatic detail, and
the evidence they afford is
critically discussed by Dr. George Macdonald
in an appendix of thirty pages. Then there is the evidence
of the pottery, which always plays an important part
in the determination
of the chronology of Roman deposits. The nature of
the fabric, the shapes of the vessels and the stamps of the potters
all afford critical indications of date, so that single potsherds that
may seem to the uninitiated to be the most worthless things possible,
may yield important indications of chronology to the archaeologist.
Roman pottery consisted of many varieties of fabric, shape, and
ornamentation, the character of which changed with the fashions of
the times, but in that which is found in Britain certain forms
predominate. Of these the bright red lustrous ware, possessing
a colour and lustre almost is
resembling sealing-wax,
the most
important. Formerly spoken of as Samian ware, which is a misnomer,
it is now generally known as Terra Sigillata, a pedantic
appellation, intended to signify the mode of its applying decoration
by stamping the designs on the interior of the mould in which
the vessels are shaped, so that the decoration appears on the
exterior of the vessel in relief. It was first made in Italy at
Arezzo, but the Aretine potteries declined in the first century ot
the Christian era, and few of their products reached Britain. But
coincident with the decline of the Italian potteries there arose a
colonial manufacture of this red ware in Gaul, from which an
extensive exportation to Britain commenced early
in the first
century, and continued throughout the whole of the Roman
occupation of Scotland. In a critical examination of all the pottery
found at Newstead, as luminous as it is comprehensive, and copiously
and finely illustrated, Mr. Curie classifies and describes the
different types, indicating their relative dates, the Gaulish potteries
from which they came, and their
England and on the Continent.
distribution on Roman sites in
Adjoining the east, south, and west sides of the fort there
were large spaces of less regular form measuring about 7, 14,
and 20 acres respectively, enclosed and defended by ditch and
ramparts. These annexes are a not uncommon feature of the
larger and more permanent Roman frontier forts. In such settlements
were found the time-expired soldiers, and the traders and
camp followers, living in tents or wooden huts, or other flimsy
buildings of which no traces now remain. In Britain little has
yet been done in the way of examining or
excavating
these civil