You can download this volume here - Electric Scotland

356 J.
Maitland Anderson
all serious opposition to Martin ceased, and Scotland was for the
time ecclesiastically
at peace.
Among existing universities St. Andrews stands about twentyninth
in the order of foundation. If regard were had to unbroken
it
continuity, would stand about twentieth. The careers of nine
or ten of its predecessors
have been chequered. Some of them
were in abeyance for long periods, or
lapsed altogether and had
to be refounded. St. Andrews University has
occasionally been
dispersed for a few months on account of plague or the unsettled
state of the country, but, so far as is known, its doors have never
been closed for a complete academical year. In another aspect of
of St. Andrews
chronology it is worth noting that the University
was the last of ten universities founded during the Great Schism,
which began in 1378 and ended in 1417. Three of these are
now German universities, two are Italian, one is Hungarian, one
French, and one Scottish, while two are extinct. The following
is the list, with the names of the popes who confirmed their
foundation, and the dates of their respective bulls :
Erfurt, Clement VII. , September 18, 1379.
Heidelberg, Urban VI., October 23, 1385.
Cologne, Urban VI., May 21, 1388.
Budapest, Boniface IX. (month and day unknown), 1389.
Ferrara, Boniface IX., March 4, 1391.
Wiirzburg, Boniface IX., December 10, 1402.
Turin, Benedict XIII., October 27, 1404.
Leipsic, Alexander V., September 9, 1409.
Aix-en-Provence, Alexander V., December 9, 1409.
St. Andrews, Benedict XIII., August 28, 1413.
Of these ten universities, seven were founded by Roman popes
and three by Avignon anti-popes but St. Andrews is the ; only
one whose foundation rests
solely on the bull of an anti-pope.
The Avignon anti-popes were Clement VII. and Benedict XIII.
Clement's bull in favour of Erfurt could not be put into
execution on account of the troubled state of the times, and
within a few years the
city transferred its obedience to Urban VI.
On May 4, 1389, another bull of erection was obtained from
Urban, in which no reference is made to the earlier bull of
made transcripts of them so long ago as 1888 and now print them as appendices
to this article. The bull addressed to Laurence of Lindores is partly printed in
the Scotichronicon ; the one addressed to the University has not, so far as I know,
been printed before.