Mireille Consalvey PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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(A) rrr Uk Ilmol ms) Temperature Dark Low Medium High Low (I O'C) 0 . 5 90 300 High (20 'C) 0 5 120 370 (B) Artificial diatom biofilms 20 'C 10 OC Fo Fo Fo Fo Fo Fo Fo I Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm Fm J F. F F' F' F' F' F F. F, ' F. ' F., ' F,. ' 1. ý, -. 1 Dark samples Light (low/medium/high) sainples Figure 7.3: (A) Artificial biofilm cores were assigned to I of 2 water baths and left over night to acclimatise. They were then assigned to I of 4 light intensities (n = 4) (B) The minimum and maximum fluorescence yields (F,, and F. ) were recorded after the night- time/acclimation period and subsequently once an hour for the duration of the study (Experiment 1)
Io fil I li I< samples) and maximum fluorescence yield during the saturating beam (F,, in the dark samples and F,,, ' in the light samples) were taken once an hour for the duration of the exposure period in situ. The light utilisation efficiency (FIF,, or Fq'IF,, ') and NPQ were also calculated each hour (see Chapter 2). 7.2.3 Experiment 2: The effect of different light intensities on the fluorescence parameters of a migratory and non-migratory biofilm Intact sediment cores and artificial biofilm filters were collected/created and maintained as described in section 7.2.1. (Summer 200 1). The WaIZTm Dive PAM was used for this experiment. Fluorescence measurements were taken 2h prior to the anticipated time of exposure in situ (F, and F,, ) (Figure 7.4). The results from section 7.2.2. suggested that incomplete QA oxidation/NPQ reversal was occurring and therefore the effect of far-red light as a possible pre-treatment was investigated. The samples were exposed to far-red light for 2h and the minimum (FF"') and maximum (F,, FR) fluorescence yields recorded. The cores (sediment/artificial) were then exposed to one of 4 light regimes (Dark/Low/Medium/High light: Table 7.1. ) (n = 4) for the duration of the low tide period (6 h). After 1.5 h the fluorescence yields were recorded (F' and F,, ' on the light adapted cores and F, and F,, on the dark cores). Each core was then dark adapted for 15 min and the fluorescence yields recorded (F, 15 and FM 15). This was repeated every 1.5 h over the exposure period (Figure 7.4). 200
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42 =>
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Table of Contents Declaration ii Ac
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4 Laboratory investigation into mic
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temperatures on fluorescence parame
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always been real sweeties. Also tha
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Chl Chlorophyll Chl a Chlorophyll a
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CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION Wo
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(, 'I, I 1)CI ii I lU RH araphid (n
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dpl. II (I c I) cIq 111 I-Itro-ducJ
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c 11 cIa 11 (T-oduct-Ioll integrate
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( lapRl Wilclul IfInOdik 11011 impo
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Chdpt(1111 1. -, -- I--, -- -- I, -
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(-Jlaptýýr j( rcllcj-ý11 ý: - o
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1.3.2. The Photosynthetic carbon re
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( CflCI iii I TI )dU( t Zingmark 19
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( lidptLI ( ft fln JI flU UII Di wh
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Cha ter I (iclicl-al IntroiftwOoll
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whilst cells minimise their exposur
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1. Pigments Introduction Chlorophyl
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Spectral reflectance studies examin
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(-'Ilaptcýr J, I, -, --, --, --, -
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( anci JII )tI( )(Jtk IO) which buf
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( ! p1'1 -- -1 -ý T-( ý 1)era J-1
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Uh Temporal changes in the microsca
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(I (rcI IpuiE't, cells as they emer
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( hap'wv -1 ( ýI II ntrodt 1ý t I
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( hapi"T 1 11 1- 11 1- ---- -- -- 1
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(A lal )te II- iý; 11 11 1 1- IIIJ
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( 1ý lv-ý ý12, -) -, - -- - -- -
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2.1.3. The Colne Estuary "VIt"utc-1
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(I --- -- "I'l- I -11-1--l- -I--"--
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E I I Uneven surface topography ma]
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2.4. Wet bulk density (Equation 2.2
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('liapti 2- 2.5.4. Cell identificat
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( hapt )- acetone and DMF do not di
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Chapter 2 Materials and Nlethocts P
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Prior to a run all solvents were ge
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(h1ft 'ý, I (I ', tý7! ýI)iI"Iý
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QLapteLi2 2.6.6. Troubleshooting th
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---- ------ at 486.5 nm on a Cecil
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Figure 2.10. A) The fibre optic mea
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tcl -1 Materials jnd 'Mclho(k attac
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Chapt r2 Materials mid Methods A hi
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2 2.9.2. Fluorescence parameters Fl
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CHAPTER THREE ! i()fi1I1I 1]lILli\L
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- -I ii-ofj) II 1- 1-() 111 llatim
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Biofilill follllýltioll ailki de,
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I Fresh sea water 0 inflow Petri di
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" V. 74ý IkIftill AV Ali 4ft llý
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CD 70 60 50 40 30 20 02468 10 12 14
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'I) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
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Aiil- . -, ý'. 4 ý.. , lo "CJ U r
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70 65 60 55 50 -m 45 0 C) cu E 40 3
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3.1. There was a significant differ
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(F5,12ý1.48, p=O. 266). The colloi
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ý-Jofilj I I,, Corn I, atio IIoIId
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100- 80- 60- 40- 20- 01 0 100-1 80
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6) 5 4 3 2 I 01111 40 45 50 55 7- 6
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llaptýýl 3 Riof-11111 f6l matioll
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C, ý E z 6 5- 4 3- 6- 2- 5- _0 4-
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13i(, )flllll f'ormatioll alld (]C\
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Colloidal carbohydrates 13iof-11111
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- ------ J i of -11 d 11 -i dd and
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! )f]llfl 101 IfliltIoll l1l(l1l de
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The presence of grazers in the fiel
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Table 3.4: Correlative relationship
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I. ahoratory investiLalion iln-lo-
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Chapici 4 Laborator\ hivest' jgauml
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11 tei 41 ahora ao I% tigallon -- i
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"' 0 . C13 CIS m 1 1 ; -10 --1 5 -0
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u r . mu tu Q) Q) P. Q) C) 2 ý- ý
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liapiý,, i 4 iilvý: Ajt III()[) l
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. ..... ..... kihorator wo Inicrol)
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Water level 00 High tide Low 10 tid
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Chapter 4 4.2.4. Pigment determinat
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IIa lit ei--" -aborutorv II III to,
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LO (n CD 0 140 120 100 80 =3 i; --
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C: 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 .2o. o4 0 co
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0.88 0.86 LO Eý 0.84 LLý 0.82 0.8
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-C 100 200 300 400 500 PPFD (ý, mo
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( li-, tp-lci 4_-, -- -, -1, aho_r
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C: E 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 2 c:: 0.4 (D c
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0.90 E 0.88 U- Li 0.86 0.84 Low tid
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-. 1-Aho-ratory i 11-1ý1, -Clýtj
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0 CL (D Cl) 0 CL x 0 w -0 21 G) cm
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Rates of change (Eden April) 1) Ove
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liapl, cr 4 1.. ahoray III%: (, 1:
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0.82 'ý' 0.81 LL. . 2) 0.80 0.79 0
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ce Cd -a gý- -+ Um (n " -C. , m CI
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( hapt I ahorator u on ns1r / in wa
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(11ýqjtý2i 4 I. abon'tiolvimc, .
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J-1a Ii 1--c i oll Itil'o tll'! rw
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( ! q)1 II CtRdtIO(I Ito flhII 01)h
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In ýiw mw Ll->illýg CHAPTER FIVE
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%im illvestiLalion into micronfivto
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( /11 /Iu The following day the tan
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Figure 5.2: (A) Experimental set-up
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f- Ii 7-f .r- 1« Figure 5.3: (A) T
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Table 5.5: Sampling schedules in si
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Changes in Fluorescence parameters
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5.3.2. Colne Estuary (U. K. ) Day 1
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hi . ýilll jtlvý: SliLatiorl lilt
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0 0- 0- C 0) 0- 2000 1500 )6 42 c:
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ýifu ilivcSit'. 'alion ilito 1111c
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5.3.3. Eden Estuary (U. K. ) Physic
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300- 275- 250- 225- c 200- 0 :3 = 1
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1.6 1.4 E 1.2 =3 D 0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.
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1'-1 wa 1wation 111to 1111cl YI In
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ct C) 1: 1 ý, c r- 00 kf) a c) t)b
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( hcqici Iii situ n Ito 1 ICI Oph\
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Cý, ýZlt]Oll 111to l! llCloDl)vLo
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n Sim Into Jlqý: loj! hyw be I Ith
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n wif Im iý ýI Im Ill to III 11ý
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hapler 5- In sill Iin vcstjý, a Ii
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ha In ýim ilm CS11,2anorl into --p
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'hapt in I'l II cl-w II rl I,, CHAP
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(, 11 a tý-c-t -) --0 operational
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( hdpir ( 1)ici iition in rlI]cIopl
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(--- 1)cI \ ai 1JI? )fl fl rfliL to
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Chapici 6 Dwl \ariatioriý, m biol-
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11c1j)ft () I )1 ai a in iiioiJIi t
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(-J Table 6.2: Sampling schedule Ye
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0 DI-cl (B) Sampling schedule March
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hajll(! l 0 \arij1jorv, -jn cc and
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CD C) CD 0 CD (D 000C, C> CD 0 LO N
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(D CD CD 000 06 0 C, C, 0 CD CD 00
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= - $: I. Ln -tj 03 9b 03 1=1 0 rq
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C> 00 (D CD- CD ci -02Q CD 2m -0 e
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Page 272 and 273: PPFD lam CD s 03 0 -1Z) N V (-) 0 4
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Page 290 and 291: increasing PPFD; first an apparent
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Page 294 and 295: 6---- - -- , --- -- ---- -- -Dicl h
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Page 304 and 305: ( hatei \1 'IcLtU1 S. iig a1or hiln
Page 306 and 307: cm E7 -*-Cover - Hole for probe Lid
Page 310 and 311: C ulorv \ S. lloll-ml, ýrworv Nigh
Page 312 and 313: N-liý-, ralol v hiol-11111"', Tabl
Page 314 and 315: N1111 ý, ral ol-I -V--\ ". alorv -
Page 316 and 317: weeq 5upjr4es 6ulinp plalA eoueosaj
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Page 320 and 321: 700 m (D ýo 0) 600 .2 03 U) 500 't
Page 322 and 323: ('11a -, - Pl(ýT I--I-- ,t, III ý
Page 324 and 325: E -0 (ID 0 0 (ID 0 C 0 c-) -g H ,z
Page 326 and 327: ý'Ilap! c 7 MI oratory vs. nop-miu
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Page 332 and 333: Hypothesis 5: NPQ will be highest a
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Page 336 and 337: Cha )1(: r 'Vii--latorv ý-, -1 A I
Page 338 and 339: v vs. 11011-IT . ratory hiolilms -M
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Page 348 and 349: ( llcpk'i_ ( rencral living on, as
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( liapRi - ( icnerl I )! ', tR)II D
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hapter ( cncra I )i ii in smaller t
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8.4. Summary -( ic w ra 11, ) ISC L
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9) LTS-EM analysis provided evidenc
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9. Reference List PA , )ý ý, 1j,
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photosynthesis and chlorophyll in t
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Fauvel, P. and Bohn, G. (1907). Le
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Blackwell scientific publications,
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Kilhl, M., Glud, R. N., Ploug, H. a
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Palmer, J. D. and Round, F. E. (196
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Pinckney, J., Piceno, Y. and Lovell
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Ser6dio, J., Marques da Silva, J. a
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Wessels, N. K. and Hopson, J. L. (1
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Mireille Consalvey PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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