Mireille Consalvey PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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Fucoxanthin correctly identified by Millennium programme Current Darte 17109/2001 Sam ploName DMF 9 Sample Set Name mireilleW2 Vial 13 002 000 Peak Resufts Injectim I Injection peak N - Acq Method Set Claire final rns fat Date Acquired 301OW2001 02.06 36 Processing Method Claire proc ý 430 Date Processed 30106/2001 02 Z 56 a 1 of 4 Absorption at 430 nm Numbers give Retention Time (RT) on Column Soo 1 5.211.3000 3500 4000 hbýuv- SarrqAeName DMF 9 Vial 13 Injection 1 Chamel 996 Date Acquired 3(YOW2001 02 06.36 Arta Haght 1 5157 6994 607 mafthi 2 7849 27727 2611 Fmoxanthir 3 8718 W31 359 4 9234 sclol 5 5 9769 55745 1 7593 Chl-phylC '16 10012 535063 154714 F-.. aldý 7, 10 394 606W 1 4257 1 8 10914 83574 4303 9 11930 97721 724 1 12526 17170 1107 11 13135 63973 1 4446 F--Ahir 12 14 OWS 102"7 743 13 14785 1174571 5223 14 15486 92M 4107 Fhmaophorbide 15 16 m 80712 5256 Is 16352 14750 1356 17 16 862 4239 415 le 17.025 39521 367 19 17476 1899W 12319 20 17 710 SOW 7018 21 17 W 42327 4W5 22 19072 27467 n 19395 - 59027 : 4 574 24 19643 M 43 1532 25 19948 45497 2050 Run Time 40 00 Knutes Auto-Scaled Chromatograrn Fucoxanthin N "I .. I Height 26 201192 74aO5 8118 27 28 21.067 21,482 loom SM04 1977 29 21883 41578 2723 30 22 116 111071 1028 7 - 22 745 7618391 74352 Chlorophylide ' 72 =36%Ws 1935141 IW5 Chlorophylide 33 26917 2365C s Pigment incorrectly identified by Millennium programme as Fucoxanthin Figure 2.8. Sample Chromatogram. absorbing at 430 run. Chlorophyll a, incorrectly identified by Millennium programme as Chlorophillide
(h1ft 'ý, I (I ', tý7! ýI)iI"Iý,, tho, -, Table 2.3. Pigment Identification. Absorbance spectrum obtained from own samples, Millennium Library and Honeywill (2001). Taxonomic group list is not exhaustive but provides a guide as to the main algal groups in which that pigment is a major constituent. Pigment Absorbance Taxonomic Groups eak-s (nm) Chlorophyll a 433 All 665 Chlorophyll b 469 Chlorophyta 665 Euglenophyta Chlorophyll c 447 Bacillariophyceae 584 Phaeophyceae 633 Phaeophytin 406 Indicative of grazing/cell 665 death Phaeophorbide 411 Indicative of grazing/cell 667 death Chlorophillide 433 Indicative of chlorophyll 667 a breakdown Carotenes Beta- Carotene 452 Bacillariophyceae 479 Chlorophyta Cyanophyta Phaeophyceae Rhodophyceae Diadinoxanthin 445 Bacillanophyceae 474 Eugelenophyceae Diatoxanthin 450 Bacillariophyceae 479 Eugelenophyceae 427 Fucoxanthin 450 Bacillariophyceae Phaeophyceae Lutein 445 Chlorophyceae 469 54
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42 =>
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Table of Contents Declaration ii Ac
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4 Laboratory investigation into mic
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temperatures on fluorescence parame
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always been real sweeties. Also tha
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Chl Chlorophyll Chl a Chlorophyll a
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CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION Wo
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(, 'I, I 1)CI ii I lU RH araphid (n
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dpl. II (I c I) cIq 111 I-Itro-ducJ
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c 11 cIa 11 (T-oduct-Ioll integrate
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( lapRl Wilclul IfInOdik 11011 impo
Page 23 and 24: Chdpt(1111 1. -, -- I--, -- -- I, -
Page 25 and 26: (-Jlaptýýr j( rcllcj-ý11 ý: - o
Page 27 and 28: 1.3.2. The Photosynthetic carbon re
Page 29 and 30: ( CflCI iii I TI )dU( t Zingmark 19
Page 31 and 32: ( lidptLI ( ft fln JI flU UII Di wh
Page 33 and 34: Cha ter I (iclicl-al IntroiftwOoll
Page 35 and 36: whilst cells minimise their exposur
Page 37 and 38: 1. Pigments Introduction Chlorophyl
Page 39 and 40: Spectral reflectance studies examin
Page 41 and 42: (-'Ilaptcýr J, I, -, --, --, --, -
Page 43 and 44: ( anci JII )tI( )(Jtk IO) which buf
Page 45 and 46: ( ! p1'1 -- -1 -ý T-( ý 1)era J-1
Page 47 and 48: Uh Temporal changes in the microsca
Page 49 and 50: (I (rcI IpuiE't, cells as they emer
Page 51 and 52: ( hap'wv -1 ( ýI II ntrodt 1ý t I
Page 53 and 54: ( hapi"T 1 11 1- 11 1- ---- -- -- 1
Page 55 and 56: (A lal )te II- iý; 11 11 1 1- IIIJ
Page 57 and 58: ( 1ý lv-ý ý12, -) -, - -- - -- -
Page 59 and 60: 2.1.3. The Colne Estuary "VIt"utc-1
Page 61 and 62: (I --- -- "I'l- I -11-1--l- -I--"--
Page 63 and 64: E I I Uneven surface topography ma]
Page 65 and 66: 2.4. Wet bulk density (Equation 2.2
Page 67 and 68: ('liapti 2- 2.5.4. Cell identificat
Page 69 and 70: ( hapt )- acetone and DMF do not di
Page 71 and 72: Chapter 2 Materials and Nlethocts P
Page 73: Prior to a run all solvents were ge
Page 77 and 78: QLapteLi2 2.6.6. Troubleshooting th
Page 79 and 80: ---- ------ at 486.5 nm on a Cecil
Page 81 and 82: Figure 2.10. A) The fibre optic mea
Page 83 and 84: tcl -1 Materials jnd 'Mclho(k attac
Page 85 and 86: Chapt r2 Materials mid Methods A hi
Page 87 and 88: 2 2.9.2. Fluorescence parameters Fl
Page 89 and 90: CHAPTER THREE ! i()fi1I1I 1]lILli\L
Page 91 and 92: - -I ii-ofj) II 1- 1-() 111 llatim
Page 94 and 95: Biofilill follllýltioll ailki de,
Page 96 and 97: I Fresh sea water 0 inflow Petri di
Page 98 and 99: " V. 74ý IkIftill AV Ali 4ft llý
Page 100 and 101: CD 70 60 50 40 30 20 02468 10 12 14
Page 102 and 103: 'I) 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0
Page 104 and 105: Aiil- . -, ý'. 4 ý.. , lo "CJ U r
Page 106 and 107: 70 65 60 55 50 -m 45 0 C) cu E 40 3
Page 108 and 109: 3.1. There was a significant differ
Page 110 and 111: (F5,12ý1.48, p=O. 266). The colloi
Page 112 and 113: ý-Jofilj I I,, Corn I, atio IIoIId
Page 114 and 115: 100- 80- 60- 40- 20- 01 0 100-1 80
Page 116 and 117: 6) 5 4 3 2 I 01111 40 45 50 55 7- 6
Page 118 and 119: llaptýýl 3 Riof-11111 f6l matioll
Page 120 and 121: C, ý E z 6 5- 4 3- 6- 2- 5- _0 4-
Page 122 and 123: 13i(, )flllll f'ormatioll alld (]C\
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Colloidal carbohydrates 13iof-11111
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- ------ J i of -11 d 11 -i dd and
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! )f]llfl 101 IfliltIoll l1l(l1l de
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The presence of grazers in the fiel
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Table 3.4: Correlative relationship
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I. ahoratory investiLalion iln-lo-
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Chapici 4 Laborator\ hivest' jgauml
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11 tei 41 ahora ao I% tigallon -- i
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"' 0 . C13 CIS m 1 1 ; -10 --1 5 -0
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u r . mu tu Q) Q) P. Q) C) 2 ý- ý
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liapiý,, i 4 iilvý: Ajt III()[) l
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. ..... ..... kihorator wo Inicrol)
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Water level 00 High tide Low 10 tid
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Chapter 4 4.2.4. Pigment determinat
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IIa lit ei--" -aborutorv II III to,
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LO (n CD 0 140 120 100 80 =3 i; --
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C: 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 .2o. o4 0 co
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0.88 0.86 LO Eý 0.84 LLý 0.82 0.8
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-C 100 200 300 400 500 PPFD (ý, mo
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( li-, tp-lci 4_-, -- -, -1, aho_r
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C: E 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 2 c:: 0.4 (D c
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0.90 E 0.88 U- Li 0.86 0.84 Low tid
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-. 1-Aho-ratory i 11-1ý1, -Clýtj
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0 CL (D Cl) 0 CL x 0 w -0 21 G) cm
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Rates of change (Eden April) 1) Ove
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liapl, cr 4 1.. ahoray III%: (, 1:
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0.82 'ý' 0.81 LL. . 2) 0.80 0.79 0
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ce Cd -a gý- -+ Um (n " -C. , m CI
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( hapt I ahorator u on ns1r / in wa
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(11ýqjtý2i 4 I. abon'tiolvimc, .
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J-1a Ii 1--c i oll Itil'o tll'! rw
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( ! q)1 II CtRdtIO(I Ito flhII 01)h
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In ýiw mw Ll->illýg CHAPTER FIVE
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%im illvestiLalion into micronfivto
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( /11 /Iu The following day the tan
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Figure 5.2: (A) Experimental set-up
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f- Ii 7-f .r- 1« Figure 5.3: (A) T
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Table 5.5: Sampling schedules in si
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Changes in Fluorescence parameters
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5.3.2. Colne Estuary (U. K. ) Day 1
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hi . ýilll jtlvý: SliLatiorl lilt
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0 0- 0- C 0) 0- 2000 1500 )6 42 c:
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ýifu ilivcSit'. 'alion ilito 1111c
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5.3.3. Eden Estuary (U. K. ) Physic
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300- 275- 250- 225- c 200- 0 :3 = 1
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1.6 1.4 E 1.2 =3 D 0 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.
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1'-1 wa 1wation 111to 1111cl YI In
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ct C) 1: 1 ý, c r- 00 kf) a c) t)b
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( hcqici Iii situ n Ito 1 ICI Oph\
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Cý, ýZlt]Oll 111to l! llCloDl)vLo
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n Sim Into Jlqý: loj! hyw be I Ith
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n wif Im iý ýI Im Ill to III 11ý
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hapler 5- In sill Iin vcstjý, a Ii
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ha In ýim ilm CS11,2anorl into --p
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'hapt in I'l II cl-w II rl I,, CHAP
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(, 11 a tý-c-t -) --0 operational
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( hdpir ( 1)ici iition in rlI]cIopl
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(--- 1)cI \ ai 1JI? )fl fl rfliL to
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Chapici 6 Dwl \ariatioriý, m biol-
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11c1j)ft () I )1 ai a in iiioiJIi t
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(-J Table 6.2: Sampling schedule Ye
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0 DI-cl (B) Sampling schedule March
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hajll(! l 0 \arij1jorv, -jn cc and
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CD C) CD 0 CD (D 000C, C> CD 0 LO N
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(D CD CD 000 06 0 C, C, 0 CD CD 00
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= - $: I. Ln -tj 03 9b 03 1=1 0 rq
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C> 00 (D CD- CD ci -02Q CD 2m -0 e
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0 co "' - (A) 90- 80- 70-- ý() z-
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C) (Z 0- cu to o .=Vý E5 C> 7ý 4.
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a C 0 N N >1 m R (D r _0 c cu I -X:
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- - 7-2.1 ': --. ... .......... _t.
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ii . p. -'I;? I Sediment surfau-ý
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E 75 E =L 7ý5 .. 0 1400 - 1200- 10
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E E LLI 24- 22- 20- 18- 16- 14- 12-
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PPFD lam CD s 03 0 -1Z) N V (-) 0 4
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0 Cl) I- 0 CD r4 cq ý2 9 CD co C)
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1'1 1' 1 1" 1" I 040 VA "0 o' U. MS
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( ldJ)t1 (I )i ii Predicted and mea
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( () primary productivity (mg C (mg
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significantly higher in the top 0-2
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Chapter 6 Diel variations in microp
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ohic hioiihn-, sediment surface, oc
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( () -I -- -- --- I---, - ---I, - -
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increasing PPFD; first an apparent
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Lj1)I ( i)icl dl ItR)fl Ii tfl)LI)J
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6---- - -- , --- -- ---- -- -Dicl h
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ý w pwr-- 111 I I- CHAPTERSEVEN k_
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vs, iioil--mi ratorv -,, bioiflins
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ato I-V Vý11,11011-111! the total
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E LZ -0 5 L4 ý7- 'ol r a- 0I 00 CM
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( hatei \1 'IcLtU1 S. iig a1or hiln
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cm E7 -*-Cover - Hole for probe Lid
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(A) rrr Uk Ilmol ms) Temperature Da
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C ulorv \ S. lloll-ml, ýrworv Nigh
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N-liý-, ralol v hiol-11111"', Tabl
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N1111 ý, ral ol-I -V--\ ". alorv -
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weeq 5upjr4es 6ulinp plalA eoueosaj
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( llaptcl- -; " -1 -I", ý -, l, '
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700 m (D ýo 0) 600 .2 03 U) 500 't
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('11a -, - Pl(ýT I--I-- ,t, III ý
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E -0 (ID 0 0 (ID 0 C 0 c-) -g H ,z
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ý'Ilap! c 7 MI oratory vs. nop-miu
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('haPltcT 7 -Migiatoiv \. -,. tion-
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( iaptl 121 alory s l1o1iiflldtory
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Hypothesis 5: NPQ will be highest a
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minimum and maximum fluorescence yi
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Cha )1(: r 'Vii--latorv ý-, -1 A I
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v vs. 11011-IT . ratory hiolilms -M
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Chapter 7 MiLlatorv v. ". lioll-lim
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Chapt(j 7 s, non-im ratory biot-ilm
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0 E H Cl. 0 -Izý "0 $n. -0 CA 7ý
Page 346 and 347:
( 'llapt c I'll" - 11 - -11,1 1111-
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( llcpk'i_ ( rencral living on, as
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cral I )isctv, -, jon Hythe showed
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ý cKS -1-la-IM, -- (lencral Di-scu
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Cha ici 8 Oencral Di-scussion large
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Chaplet 8 I- I (-. Tciwr, al may th
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( liapRi - ( icnerl I )! ', tR)II D
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hapter ( cncra I )i ii in smaller t
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8.4. Summary -( ic w ra 11, ) ISC L
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9) LTS-EM analysis provided evidenc
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9. Reference List PA , )ý ý, 1j,
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photosynthesis and chlorophyll in t
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Fauvel, P. and Bohn, G. (1907). Le
Page 373 and 374:
Blackwell scientific publications,
Page 375 and 376:
Kilhl, M., Glud, R. N., Ploug, H. a
Page 377 and 378:
Palmer, J. D. and Round, F. E. (196
Page 379 and 380:
Pinckney, J., Piceno, Y. and Lovell
Page 381 and 382:
Ser6dio, J., Marques da Silva, J. a
Page 383 and 384:
Wessels, N. K. and Hopson, J. L. (1
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Mireille Consalvey PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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