Mireille Consalvey PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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5.4.1. Migration under in situ conditions 143 5.4.2. Migration in the absence of any light cues 150 5.4.3. Future work 151 5.4.4. Summary and conclusions 152 5.5. Acknowledgements 153 6 Microscale changes in intertidal biofilms over a diel period 154 6.1. Introduction 154 6.1.1. Examining changes in biomass (using Chl a and LTSEM) 154 6.1.2. Investigating the sediment light climate 158 6.1.3. Examining primary productivity on intertidal mudflats 162 6.1.4. Aims 164 6.2. Materials and Methods 164 6.3. Results 169 6.3.1 Diel changes in Chl a 169 6.3.2. Diel changes in water content 170 6.3.3. Diel changes in species composition 170 6.3.4. Diel changes in sediment light climate 171 6.3.5. The relationship between light attenuation and site parameters 174 6.3.6. Predicted and measured rates (14C) of primary productivity 174 6.3.7. Sediment grain size analysis 176 6.4. Discussion 176 6.4.1. Can microscale sectioning can be used to detect spatial and 176 temporal variations in biomass over a die] period? 6.4.2. How does assemblage type influence the spatial and temporal 177 distribution of microphytobenthic biomass? 6.4.3. Do cells sub-cycle at the sediment surface? 179 6.4.4. How does assemblage type/site and time influence the light 181 attenuation co-efficients of microphytobenthic biofilms? 6.4.5. Do modelled rates of primary productivity correlate with actual 186 rates of primary productivity? 6.4.6. Implications of study 187 6.4.7. Future studies 188 6.4.8. Summary and conclusions 189 6.5. Acknowledgements 190 7 What if diatoms couldn't move? Investigation into the 191 photophysiological implications of a non-motile benthic existence 7.1. Introduction 191 7.1.1. Microphytobenthic responses to a changing light envirom-nent 191 7.1.2. The use of PAM fluorescence in microphytobenthic systems 193 7.1.3. Hypotheses 196 7.2. Materials and Methods 197 7.2.1. Creating an artificial non-migratory biofilm 197 7.2.2. Experiment 1: The effect of different light intensities and 199
temperatures on fluorescence parameters in a non-migratory biofilm 7.2-3. Experiment 2: The effect of different light intensities on the 200 fluorescence parameters of a migratory and non-migratory biofilm 7.2.4. Experiment 3: The use of far red light as an alternative means of 201 adapting cells to obtain true measures of F, and F,, 7.3. Results 203 7.3.1. The effect of different light intensities and temperatures on 203 fluorescence parameters in a non-migratory b1ofilm 7.3.2. Investigating the effect of light on a migratory vs. non-migratory 206 biofilm 7.3.3. Can far red light be used as an alternative means of dark 210 adapting cells to obtain true measures of F, and F,,? 7.4. Discussion 212 7.4.1. The problems with statistical analysis of fluorescence data 226 7.4.2. What if diatoms couldn't move? 226 7.4.3. Conclusions, future work and implications 227 7.5. Acknowledgements 229 8 General discussion 230 8.1. Formation of microphytobenthic biofilms 230 8.2. Sediment biofilm light climate 236 8.3. Appraisal of main microphytobenthic sampling techniques used 237 8.3.1. PAM Fluorescence 237 8.3.2. Cryolanding 242 8.3.3. Light microprofiling 243 8.3.4. Determination of the sediment surface 244 8.4. Summary of thesis 245 8.5. Final conclusions 246 9 References 247
Page 1 and 2: 42 =>
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents Declaration ii Ac
Page 5: 4 Laboratory investigation into mic
Page 9 and 10: always been real sweeties. Also tha
Page 11 and 12: Chl Chlorophyll Chl a Chlorophyll a
Page 13 and 14: CHAPTER ONE GENERAL INTRODUCTION Wo
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Page 17 and 18: dpl. II (I c I) cIq 111 I-Itro-ducJ
Page 19 and 20: c 11 cIa 11 (T-oduct-Ioll integrate
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Page 23 and 24: Chdpt(1111 1. -, -- I--, -- -- I, -
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Page 27 and 28: 1.3.2. The Photosynthetic carbon re
Page 29 and 30: ( CflCI iii I TI )dU( t Zingmark 19
Page 31 and 32: ( lidptLI ( ft fln JI flU UII Di wh
Page 33 and 34: Cha ter I (iclicl-al IntroiftwOoll
Page 35 and 36: whilst cells minimise their exposur
Page 37 and 38: 1. Pigments Introduction Chlorophyl
Page 39 and 40: Spectral reflectance studies examin
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Page 43 and 44: ( anci JII )tI( )(Jtk IO) which buf
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Page 47 and 48: Uh Temporal changes in the microsca
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2.1.3. The Colne Estuary "VIt"utc-1
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Chapter 2 Materials and Nlethocts P
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Prior to a run all solvents were ge
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tcl -1 Materials jnd 'Mclho(k attac
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Chapt r2 Materials mid Methods A hi
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2 2.9.2. Fluorescence parameters Fl
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CHAPTER THREE ! i()fi1I1I 1]lILli\L
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Colloidal carbohydrates 13iof-11111
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The presence of grazers in the fiel
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Table 3.4: Correlative relationship
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Chapici 4 Laborator\ hivest' jgauml
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Rates of change (Eden April) 1) Ove
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Figure 5.2: (A) Experimental set-up
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Table 5.5: Sampling schedules in si
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Changes in Fluorescence parameters
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5.3.2. Colne Estuary (U. K. ) Day 1
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hi . ýilll jtlvý: SliLatiorl lilt
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0 0- 0- C 0) 0- 2000 1500 )6 42 c:
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300- 275- 250- 225- c 200- 0 :3 = 1
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( () primary productivity (mg C (mg
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significantly higher in the top 0-2
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Chapter 6 Diel variations in microp
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ohic hioiihn-, sediment surface, oc
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(A) rrr Uk Ilmol ms) Temperature Da
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Hypothesis 5: NPQ will be highest a
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minimum and maximum fluorescence yi
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Cha )1(: r 'Vii--latorv ý-, -1 A I
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v vs. 11011-IT . ratory hiolilms -M
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Chapter 7 MiLlatorv v. ". lioll-lim
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Cha ici 8 Oencral Di-scussion large
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Chaplet 8 I- I (-. Tciwr, al may th
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( liapRi - ( icnerl I )! ', tR)II D
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hapter ( cncra I )i ii in smaller t
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8.4. Summary -( ic w ra 11, ) ISC L
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9) LTS-EM analysis provided evidenc
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9. Reference List PA , )ý ý, 1j,
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photosynthesis and chlorophyll in t
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Fauvel, P. and Bohn, G. (1907). Le
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Blackwell scientific publications,
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Kilhl, M., Glud, R. N., Ploug, H. a
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Palmer, J. D. and Round, F. E. (196
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Pinckney, J., Piceno, Y. and Lovell
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Ser6dio, J., Marques da Silva, J. a
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Wessels, N. K. and Hopson, J. L. (1
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Mireille Consalvey PhD Thesis - University of St Andrews

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