Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Northern Caucasian

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C. Nuristani Kati w/vuÍúp/(v)úÍup “horse” (Direct Case); vúÍ (u)p-a (Indirect Case, Masculine Gender), uÍp-á-sti (Possessive Singular); vuÍp-o (Plural), vúÍp-o-Íti (Possessive Plural). 189 D. Iranian: Avestan aspa- “horse”, aspâ- “mare”, asp(a)ya- “belonging to horses, equine” 190 (from Proto-Aryan: Old Indian a≈v-[i]ya), aspô.stâna- “horse-stable” (from Proto-Aryan: Old Indian a≈va-sthâna-, Dardic Shina aÍtôn “groom” > Burushaski loanword √Ítân 191 ), in compound proper names like that of the father of Zarathustra PouruÍaspa- (from pouruÍa “grey” + aspa-). North-Western Iranian: Midian *aspa- (in a Midian borrowing in the Old Persian proper name Aspa-Çanah 192 , the Midian name of an Old Persian king ViÍtaspa 193 ); a probable northwestern form of Midian type is reflected in Modern Persian and Tadzhik asp (borrowed into many other dialects). Beludzhi (h)asp, Kurmandji dialect of Kurd h’Psp- 194 ; Talysh and Gilyan asp/asb; Mazendran, Sangisari, Lasgerdi, Shemerzadi, Yarandi and Farizandi asb, Semnani and Nayini äsp, Surkhei åsb, åsm, Bijabuneki and Vonishuni asp, Keshei and Zefrei asm, Yazdi asb/âsp, Natanzi asm/asb, Soi äs (with loss of the final *-p preserved in intervocalic position in comparable forms), Xunsari äsb, Parachi ösp 195 , Kaniguram 189 Turner 1989, 40, N 920; on the use of the forms of the Kati noun, see Griunberg 1980, 42-43, text II, blocks 4-7 (description of Nuristani ritual horseraces in this and subsequent Kati ethnographic narrations are important for comparison to other Indo-Iranian and Indo-European traditions, including Hittite); 49, text V, blocks 4-5; 60-61; text VIII, blocks 1, 4-6; 115, text XV, blocks 3-4; 154-155, sentences 138-139, 141-145; 175-176; 186; 198; 203; 258; 267. The Dardic and Nuristani sound shapes for horse names are possibly due to the later spread of the Northwestern Iranian type of the word, but see below on the initial phoneme. 190 Bartholomae 1979, 217. 191 Turner 1989, 41. On Avestan, see Bartholomae, ib., 219. 192 Bartholomae 1979, 217; Efimov 1986, 80. 193 Modern Persian GuÍt âsp, Bartholomae, ib., 1473-1474; Milewski 1969, 171-172. 194 hespê, Rudenko 1982, 78, N 56.1 a.o.; Kurdoev and Cukerman 1950, 34, lines 169, 176; 50, 21 a.o. 195 For these dialectal forms, cf. Oranskij 1979, 156-157.
dialect of Ormuri yâspa “mare”, barytone feminine stem from which the secondary masculine stems yâsp and Logar dialect yåsp were derived 196 ). Eastern Iranian : North-Eastern. Scythian Aspa- “horse” (developing into Ossetic aefsae/jaefs “mare” 197 ) in proper names like Aspourgow < *aspa- + ugra- “strong” (the combination can be traced back to Proto-Aryan: Vedic a≈vam… ugram “miraculously strong horse” about the horse of Ashvins, g-Veda I.118.9; Avestan aspahe aoÔô “the strength of a horse”, Yt. 19. 68) > Ossetic aefsûr /aefsorq “miraculous kind of horses (in mythology and folklore)” 198 , Boraspow < *bor- “yellow” (Ossetic bor-/bur- “yellow”, also used as the first part of names of several mythological creatures; Modern Persian bor “fox” 199 ). Sogdian ’sp 200 , Khwarezmian ’sp, the Bactrian name of a goddess Irooaspo (< druva- “strong, mighty” + aspa- = Avestan Drvâspâ, a female deity connected to the male GPuÍ Urvan “Soul of the Cattle” 201 , represented as a male with a horse on the Bactrian coin bearing this inscription), Mundzhan yosp 202 , Yidga yasp “horse”, aspPlan “stable” (< *aspa-dâna), Pashto (Afghani) and Vanecî âs. Vakhan-Khotanese subgroup 203 : Vakhan yaÍ, Khotanese Saka a≈≈ä- “horse”. South-Western Iranian subgroup: Old Persian asa- in asa-bâr-ibiÍ “riders”; Middle Persian asvâr, Modern Persian suvâr) 204 , Tat äs. 196 Efimov 1986, 9, 80, 133. 197 Abaev 1958, 563. 198 Abaev 1949, 157; 1958, 112-113; Vasmer 1923, 34. 199 Vasmer 1923, 36; Zgusta 1955, 56; Abaev, 1958, 271-273; Milewski 1969, 161. 200 Gauthiot 1914-1923, 60, 127, 157; barytone paradigm: Livshic and Xromov 1981, 375. Yagnobi asp, very often used in the crucial parts of folk tales (Andreev a.o. 1957, NN 1, 11, 12, 15,), might have been borrowed from Tadzhik. 201 Bartholomae 1979, 783; Steblin-Kamenskij 1981, 321 with references. 202 Griunberg 1972, 390. 203 Oranskij 1975, 185; Edel’man 1986, 41, 84-85; cf. Sokolova 1973, 3. For references to individual languages: Griunberg and Steblin-Kamenskij 1976, 507, also 43, proverb 19, and 47, riddle 13 (ablative yaÍ-Pn); Gercenberg 1981, 247. The first part of the Khotanese a≈para- < *a≈≈a-para- Medicago sativa
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Page 11 and 12: AP RU(M) “to send” (in the bili
Page 13 and 14: this god and eaten by the whole fam
Page 15 and 16: As discovered by Laroche, according
Page 17 and 18: elated to the participle. 95 The id
Page 19 and 20: A probable connection to Latin puer
Page 21 and 22: have drawn your chief strength from
Page 23 and 24: area seems to be connected to the L
Page 25 and 26: domesticated in this large area, ac
Page 27 and 28: where horses are designated by a Su
Page 29 and 30: Minor: in YazIlIkaya Pirinkir belon
Page 31 and 32: Hittite translation uses the verbal
Page 33 and 34: in this Southern area. Among the fo
Page 35: dialects including Luwian (the Hitt
Page 39 and 40: III. (Southern) Anatolian. Luwian-L
Page 41 and 42: Kak-asbow/Kak-ayibow (with variatio
Page 43 and 44: The etymology of the old name for t
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Page 47 and 48: chronology of the satPm dialects 25
Page 49 and 50: Ossetic (but absent in Scythian), M
Page 51 and 52: structural point of view, the shape
Page 53 and 54: delabialization) make it possible t
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Page 57 and 58: this identification is possible it
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Page 61 and 62: laryngeal as its first phoneme). Ex
Page 63 and 64: Armenian form arcui “eagle” (di
Page 65 and 66: one 319 , might have been one of th
Page 67 and 68: Northern Caucasian, which is close
Page 69 and 70: in the early Indo-European migratio
Page 71 and 72: Khwarazmian cxr “wheel”, Sogdia
Page 73 and 74: horse during the training” 349 ,
Page 75 and 76: particularly the Old Indian dialect
Page 77 and 78: well. Northeastern Caucasian (parti
Page 79 and 80: ...desiring to revolve hither the u
Page 81 and 82: correspondence to Old Indian Vedic
Page 83 and 84: also to a certain satPm dialect (pr
Page 85 and 86: traditional folk epics)” < *bâr-
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of terms throws light on the chrono
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XXX III 106 21). 405 In a damaged p
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Vs. I 1). Two other similar verbal
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Northern Anatolian with Tocharian (
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Andreev, M. S., and E. M. PeÍÇere
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Boretzky, N. and B. Igla. 1994. Wö
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East: Ethnocultural connections]. V
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Gordeziani, R. V. 1980. Etrusskij i
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Huld, M. E. 1984. Basic Albanian Et
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König, F. W. 1965-1977. Die elamis
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Lukonin, V. G. 1987. Drevnij i rann
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----------. 1974. Etymological Voca
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----------. 1992. Wagon, Chariot an
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----------. 1990. Untersuchung zur
Page 115 and 116:
----------. 1976. Le tokharien conf
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Comparative Notes on Hurro-Urartian, Northern Caucasian

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