Pharmaceutical botany - Lighthouse Survival Blog

2 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY
thing like an orderly system of classification. Such a system based
upon natural resemblances is called a "natural system."
Types represent general plans of structure.
A Class is formed by special modification of a type. Classes re-
sembling each other are called Series.
An Order is a group of the same class, related by a common
structure.
A Family is a group of the same order, related by a common
structure.
A Genus is a still smaller group having the same essential-
structure.
A Species is the smallest group whose structure is constant.
An Individual is a unit of organic life, forming a complete animate
existence.
A Variety is a peculiarity of Race. Races and varieties are both
sub-divisions of species.
A Hybrid is a cross-breed of two varieties or species, rarely of two
genera.
SUBDIVISIONS OF THE VEGETABLE KINGDOM
The two great sub-divisions of the vegetable kingdom are:
Phanerogams or flowering plants and Cryptogams or flowerless
plants.
The Phanerogams are further divided into:
Angiosperms, characterized by having their seeds enclosed within
a box-like covering.
Gymnosperms, which have their seeds borne naked. (They are
polycotyledonous.)
The Angiosperms are classified according to the number of their
cotyledons, or seed leaves in the embryo, into
Monocotyledonous plants, which have one cotyledon, as Indian
Corn and Ginger, and
Dicotyledonous plants, which have two cotyledons, as Burdock,
and Ipecacuanha.
VEGETABLE CYSTOLOGY
CELLULAR STRUCTURE
The bodies of all plants are made up of one or more units of struc-
ture called cells.
'