Pharmaceutical botany - Lighthouse Survival Blog
Pharmaceutical botany - Lighthouse Survival Blog
Pharmaceutical botany - Lighthouse Survival Blog
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52<br />
PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY<br />
A jointed, indehiscent legume, called a loment, breaks up naturally<br />
into transverse, one-seeded divisions. The Cochlea is a coiled or spiral<br />
legume. Ex. of Loment: Cassia fistula.<br />
A Capsule is a dry dehiscent fruit of two or more united carpels,<br />
and shows several forms of dehiscence, as in the Poppy, Cardamon,<br />
etc.<br />
The Pyxis is a modification of the capsule which opens transversely,<br />
the upper half forming a lid, as in Portulaca or Hyoscyamus.<br />
A SiLiQUE is a long slender capsule with two parietal placentae,<br />
the valves opening from below upward, as in the Cruciferse.<br />
Dry Indehiscent Fruits (often erroneously regarded as seeds).<br />
The Akene is a dry one-chambered, indehiscent fruit, in which the<br />
pericarp is firm and may or may not be united with the seed, the style<br />
remaining in many cases as an agent of dissemination, and may be<br />
winged, feathery, or hooked. Ex. : Fruits of the Compositse, Anemone<br />
and Ranunculus.<br />
The Samara is a winged akene-like fruit, as in the Birch, Elm, Ash,<br />
Box Elder and Maple.<br />
The Utricle is like the akene, except that the pericarp is loose and<br />
bladder-like. Ex. : Chenopodium.<br />
A Caryopsis, or Grain, differs from the last in having the cell com-<br />
pletely filled by the seed and the pericarp very thin. This fruit is<br />
more likely than- any other to be mistaken for a seed. Ex.: Wheat,<br />
Rice, Barley, Oat, etc.<br />
A Nut is a hard, one-celled, one-seeded fruit, like the akene but<br />
larger, and usually produced from a compound ovary. The nut is<br />
often enclosed in a kind of involucre termed a Cupule, as the cup of the<br />
acorn or the leaf-like covering of the Hazel-nut.<br />
A Cremocarp is the characteristic fruit of the Umbelliferffi family.<br />
It consists of two inferior akenes or mericarps separated from each other<br />
by a stalk called a carpophore. The mericarps separate as soon as the<br />
fruit ripens and are seen to be longitudinally ribbed with numerous<br />
oil glands between the ribs.<br />
Fleshy Indehiscent Fruits.—The Drupe is a one-carpelled fruit,<br />
such as the Plum, Reach, Prune, Sabal, Rhus, etc., and called "stone<br />
fruit," because the endocarp or putamen is composed wholly of stone<br />
cells.<br />
/<br />
An Et^ri'6 consists of a collection of little drupes on a torus as<br />
the Raspberry.