Pharmaceutical botany - Lighthouse Survival Blog

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54 seminated by wind currents. ^E A Fig. 31.—Section o£ a grain of wheat. A , Pericarps and seed coats; B, layer of cells in endosperm containing aleurone grains; C, cells of the endosperm containing starch grains. (From Hamaker.) PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Examples of these are seen in the Milk- weed, which has a tuft of hairs at one end of the seed called a Coma, and in the official Strophanthus, which has a long bristle-like appendage attached to one end of the seed and called an awn. The wart-like appendage at the hilum or micropyle, as in Castor Oil Seed, is called the Caruncle. The tegmen or inner coat surrounds the nucellus closely and is generally soft and delicate. A third integument, or accessory seed covering, is occasionally present and is called the Aril. Ex.: Euonymus (suc- culent). When such an integument arises at the micropyle of the seed , as in the Nutmeg, it is known as an arUlode. The Nucellus or Kernel consists of tissue containing albumen, when this substance is present, and the embryo. Albumen is the name given the nutritive matter stored in the seed. MODE OF FORMATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ALBUMEN If the egg cell within the embryo sac segments and grows into the embryo and, stretching, fills up the cavity without food material laid down around it, it happens that the nutritive material lin- gers in the cells of the nucellus pressing around the embryo. This is called Perispermic Albumen. Seen in the Polygonaceas. In by far the greater number of Angiosperms, the endosperm nu- cleus, after double fertilization, divides and redivides, giving rise to numerous nuclei imbedded in the protoplasm of the embryo sac outside of the developing embryo. Gathering protoplasm about them- selves and laying down cell walls they form the endosperm tissue outside of the embryo. Into this tissue food is passed constituting the^Endospermic albumen. In the Marantaceae, Piperacese, etc., nutritive material is passed into the nucellar cells causing them to swell up, while to one side a small patch of endosperm tissue accommodates a moderate amount of nourishing substance, thus resulting in the formation of abundant perisperm and a small reduced endosperm.
FORMATION OF ALBUMEN 55 Ezalhuminous seeds are those in which the albumen is stored in the embryo during the growth of he seed. Albuminous seeds are those in which the nourishment is not stored in the embryo until germination takes place.
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ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL U
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The original of this book is in the
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upper Iris Diaphragm Substage Ring
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(3K Copyright, 1914, by P. Blakisto
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FOREWORD In a monograph entitled "A
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X CONTENTS Pages Plant Hairs or Tei
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TEXT-BOOK OF PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY
Page 19 and 20: PROTOPLASMIC CELL CONTENTS 3 A cell
Page 21 and 22: PLANT TISSUES PLANT TISSUES A tissu
Page 23 and 24: WOODY FIBERS ill
Page 25 and 26: MEDULLARY RAYS 9 Tracheary tissue c
Page 27 and 28: ACORUS CALAMUS Fig. 8.—Transverse
Page 29 and 30: ITBEOVASCULAR BUNDLES 13 Fibrovascu
Page 31 and 32: THE ROOT 15 The ripened seed is the
Page 33 and 34: ROOT HISTOLOGY 17 2. Biennial plant
Page 35 and 36: THE BUD 19 flattened out. The peric
Page 37 and 38: (2) Periblem, forming the cortex; a
Page 39 and 40: HISTOLOGY OF ANNUAL DICOTYL STEM 23
Page 41 and 42: PERENNIAL DICOTYL STEM 25 Growth of
Page 43 and 44: LENTICELS AND THEIR FORMATION 27 Le
Page 45 and 46: PLANT HAIES 29 Periderm.— -Peride
Page 47 and 48: THE LEAF 31 The leaf of the Tulip P
Page 49 and 50: MARGIN OP LEAF 33 AcEROSE or ACICUL
Page 51 and 52: DURATION OF LEAVES 35 Glabrous, whe
Page 53 and 54: VERNATION 37 Oak and Willow, etc. A
Page 55 and 56: A VEETICILLASTER 39 Corymb, a short
Page 57 and 58: THE FLOWER 41 as in Clematis. In th
Page 59 and 60: THE COROLLA 43 different forms of c
Page 61 and 62: THE STAMEN SYSTEM 45 When few in nu
Page 63 and 64: THE PLACENTA 47 Compound Pistils ar
Page 65 and 66: FERTILIZATION 49 liantly colored co
Page 67 and 68: CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS 5 Where th
Page 69: THE SEED 53 The Berry is fleshy fru
Page 73 and 74: NOTES
Page 77 and 78: APPEARANCE OF BACTERIAL COLONIES 57
Page 79 and 80: ALGA-LIKE FUNGI 59 water and are of
Page 81 and 82: THE SAC FUNGI 6 Order 3. Peronospor
Page 83 and 84: THE LICHENS 63 Sub-class B.— Auto
Page 85 and 86: MUSCI OR MOSSES 65 Order i. Marchan
Page 87 and 88: FILICALES 67 stems, sheath-like who
Page 89 and 90: SPERMATOPHYTA 69 sion of labor cont
Page 91 and 92: Official drug ORCHID FAMILY 71
Page 93 and 94: WILLOW FAMILY 73 Family 2. Fagace^
Page 95 and 96: ELM FAMILY 75 forming a sheath abov
Page 97 and 98: CASHEW FAMILY 77 Family 17. Rosacea
Page 99 and 100: CELASTRACE^ 79 Family 21. Crucifer^
Page 101 and 102: PASSIFLORACEjE 8 leaves, and regula
Page 103 and 104: ZYGOPHYLLACEyE 83 of perfect, five-
Page 106 and 107: Official drug
Page 108 and 109: 88 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY northern h
Page 110 and 111: 90 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY Official d
Page 112 and 113: 92 PHARMACEUTICAL BOTANY pharmaceut
Page 114 and 115: BIBLIOGRAPHY Le Maout and Decaisne'
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96 Balsamum Peruvianum, 78 Tolutanu
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98 Determinate Inflorescence, kinds
Page 124 and 125:
lOO INDEX Indian Turnip, 70 Indigo,
Page 126 and 127:
102 INDEX Myrrha, 79 Myrtaceae, 82
Page 128 and 129:
I04 INDEX Rhamnus Purshiana, 83 Fra
Page 130:
io6 INDEX Thyrsus, 39 Tissue, 3, 4
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