Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America
Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America
Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America
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SESSION NO. 11<br />
Considering all properties, Lagro sediments in each core are divisible into several major<br />
units deposited in both subglacial and ice-marginal environments. The major till units are made<br />
<strong>of</strong> subunits on the scale <strong>of</strong> a meter in thickness that differ sufficiently in character as to reflect<br />
separate sedimentation conditions and depositional events. We suggest that the relatively<br />
homogenous subglacial Lagro facies accreted vertically from different subglacial deforming till<br />
beds that developed successively under the Erie lobe as it evolved. Overall, the evidence justifies<br />
additional examination <strong>of</strong> Lagro sediments to resolve a complex ice lobe history.<br />
11-2 BTH 32 Sanderfoot, Benjamin [218064]<br />
QUATERNARY GEOLOGIC MAP OF FOND DU LAC COUNTY, WISCONSIN<br />
MODE, William N., Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin - Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI<br />
54901, SANDERFOOT, Benjamin, Department <strong>of</strong> Geology, University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin Oshkosh,<br />
645 Dempsey Trail, Oshkosh, WI 54901-8649, sandeb88@uwosh.edu, and HOOYER,<br />
Thomas S., Department <strong>of</strong> Geosciences, University <strong>of</strong> Wisconsin-Milwaukee, P.O. Box 413,<br />
Lapham Hall 366, Milwaukee, WI 53201<br />
The new Quaternary geologic map <strong>of</strong> Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin reveals diverse landscapes<br />
and surficial deposits, including lowlands underlain by glacial lake sediment and meltwater-stream<br />
sediment and uplands composed <strong>of</strong> till and meltwater-stream sediment. Map units combine<br />
sediment genesis, stratigraphic position, and landform association. Glacial sediments were<br />
deposited by the Green Bay and Lake Michigan lobes <strong>of</strong> the Laurentide Ice Sheet between about<br />
19 and 11 ka BP during ice recession from the region (Syverson and Colgan, 2011). Glacial strata<br />
are divided into two formations, the Holy Hill and Kewaunee formations, that are distinguishable<br />
by the color and texture <strong>of</strong> the tills they contain. Kewaunee Formation deposits are restricted to<br />
the north-central part <strong>of</strong> the county. Holy Hill deposits are the surficial material in the southern<br />
part <strong>of</strong> the county and also occur beneath Kewaunee deposits in places. Glacial landforms include<br />
active-ice features (drumlins and end moraines) as well as ice-disintegration features (kettles,<br />
kames, ice-walled outwash plains, and eskers). Ice-disintegration features dominate the Kettle<br />
interlobate moraine in the eastern part <strong>of</strong> the county where the Green Bay and Lake Michigan<br />
lobes intersected. Glacial lake sediment was deposited in glacial lakes Fond du Lac and Oshkosh.<br />
Glacial lake Fond du Lac was impounded when the Green Bay Lobe readvanced (during overall<br />
recession) into Fond du Lac County. This advance terminated at the Eureka moraine and<br />
deposited till <strong>of</strong> the Kirby Lake Member <strong>of</strong> the Kewaunee Formation. A new AMS 14C date on plant<br />
macr<strong>of</strong>ossils from the base <strong>of</strong> glacial Lake Fond du Lac sediment places the formation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
lake and the Eureka moraine at 15,500 cal yr BP. The ice margin soon receded from the Eureka<br />
moraine. The next readvance (13,700 cal yr BP), which buried the Two Creeks forest bed farther<br />
north, terminated north <strong>of</strong> the county. Glacial Lake Oshkosh persisted in Fond du Lac County until<br />
the Green Bay Lobe margin receded from the state 13,000 cal yr BP.<br />
11-3 BTH 33 Pavey, Richard R. [218322]<br />
EVALUATION OF GLACIAL FEATURES IN NORTHWESTERN OHIO USING LIDAR DATA<br />
PAVEY, Richard R., Ohio Department <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources, Division <strong>of</strong> <strong>Geological</strong> Survey,<br />
2045 Morse Rd, Building C-2, Columbus, OH 43229-6693, rick.pavey@dnr.state.oh.us and<br />
MARTIN, Dean R., Ohio Department <strong>of</strong> Natural Resources, Office <strong>of</strong> Information Technology,<br />
2045 Morse Rd, Building C, Columbus, OH 43229<br />
The Ohio <strong>Geological</strong> Survey’s recent and current STATEMAP projects involve glacial mapping <strong>of</strong><br />
the Defiance and Adrian 1:100,000 quadrangles in northwesternmost Ohio. Since Frank Leverett’s<br />
mapping <strong>of</strong> a century ago, geologic understanding and glacial mapping <strong>of</strong> this area <strong>of</strong> the state<br />
has remained largely unchanged. Data preparation for the projects included mosaicking <strong>of</strong> LiDARderived,<br />
elevation raster data sets (or DEMs) for the six counties included in the mapping area,<br />
as well as a hillshade raster produced from the mosaic. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the resultant regional DEM<br />
revealed many landforms unusual for Ohio that require stratigraphic and depositional process<br />
interpretations. The northwest corner <strong>of</strong> the area includes the Wabash and Ft. Wayne Moraines,<br />
both deposited on the northwest side <strong>of</strong> retreating Erie Lobe ice. The highest features on the<br />
Wabash are flat-topped ‘plateaus’ surrounded by closed depressions. Data from soils mapping<br />
indicate that the ‘plateaus’ are primarily sand-filled and probably represent ice-walled lake plains.<br />
Many <strong>of</strong> the closed depressions contain bogs and/or lakes, <strong>with</strong> minimal integrated drainage. The<br />
St. Joseph River valley is between the Ft. Wayne and Wabash Moraines. Multiple, segmented<br />
linear depressions—perhaps interpreted as abandoned subice tunnels—are oriented subparallel<br />
to the moraine crests and river valley. Beach ridges mark the edge <strong>of</strong> the proglacial Maumee<br />
Lake Plain that dominates the rest <strong>of</strong> the study area. The final Erie Lobe ice in the area built the<br />
Defiance Moraine, most <strong>of</strong> which was submerged by proglacial lakes that occupied the Erie Basin.<br />
Parts <strong>of</strong> this moraine contain many small, raised sand flats, which are also probable ice-walled<br />
lake plains. West <strong>of</strong> the Defiance Moraine, the moraine-controlled Auglaize and Tiffin Rivers join<br />
the Maumee River at Defiance, Ohio. Above the confluence, the three rivers meander greatly. The<br />
river becomes much straighter downstream from the confluence; this is due to the Maumee being<br />
incised into bedrock. High-level cut terraces on the rivers above the confluence are graded to the<br />
elevations <strong>of</strong> the various high-level proglacial lakes that occupied the Erie Basin.<br />
11-4 BTH 34 Rice, Jessey Murray [218333]<br />
STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF AN OPEN PIT EXPOSURE: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE<br />
WESTERN MARGIN OF THE LAURENTIDE ICE SHEET DURING THE MIDDLE WISCONSIN IN<br />
THE GREAT SLAVE LAKE REGION<br />
RICE, Jessey Murray1 , PAULEN, Roger C. 2 , MENZIES, John1 , and MCCLENAGHAN, M.B. 2 ,<br />
(1) Earth Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Ave, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1,<br />
Canada, jr07ia@brocku.ca, (2) <strong>Geological</strong> Survey <strong>of</strong> Canada, Ottawa, 601 Booth St, Ottawa,<br />
ON K1A 0E8, Canada<br />
Known 14C age data place the western margin <strong>of</strong> the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) in the Great<br />
Slave Lake region, Northwest Territories, approximately along the west margin <strong>of</strong> the Canadian<br />
Shield and Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. However, a general paucity <strong>of</strong> thick (>2 m)<br />
exposures <strong>of</strong> quaternary sediments in this part <strong>of</strong> Canada prevents further delineation <strong>of</strong> the<br />
location <strong>of</strong> the Middle Wisconsin LIS margin. A detailed investigation <strong>of</strong> a >20 m exposure, in an<br />
abandoned open pit in the past producing Pb-Zn Pine Point Mining District, NWT, was conducted<br />
to gain a better understanding <strong>of</strong> the glacial history <strong>of</strong> the area. This rare thick till exposure<br />
consists <strong>of</strong> four visually distinct till units, and based on observed sedimentology, striation<br />
measurements and clast fabrics as well as detailed grain size, geochemical, mineralogical,<br />
micromorphological, and pebble lithological analyses, a refinement for the Middle Wisconsin LIS<br />
margin is proposed. Since there is no stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence <strong>of</strong> ice-margin<br />
advance or retreat fluctuations preserved in the till exposures at Pine Point, we conclude that<br />
the Middle Wisconsin ice margin was likely north and west <strong>of</strong> the Pine Point area and probably<br />
occupied most <strong>of</strong> the Great Slave Lake basin prior to advancement <strong>of</strong> the LIS into western<br />
Canada during the Late Wisconsin.<br />
14 2013 GSA <strong>Abstracts</strong> <strong>with</strong> <strong>Programs</strong><br />
11-5 BTH 35 Miao, Xiaodong [218422]<br />
SAND AND GRAVEL RESOURCE OF MCHENRY COUNTY, ILLINOIS: DISTRIBUTION,<br />
THICKNESS AND LAND USE<br />
MIAO, Xiaodong, THOMASON, Jason F., and STOHR, Christopher, Illinois State <strong>Geological</strong><br />
Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University <strong>of</strong> Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 615 E.<br />
Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820, miao@illinois.edu<br />
Parts <strong>of</strong> McHenry County in northeastern Illinois are underlain by extensive deposits <strong>of</strong> sand<br />
and gravel, which makes it a leading county in Illinois for sand and gravel production. An up-todate<br />
aggregate resource map is needed to identify potential resources before it is preempted by<br />
urbanization.We use borehole data and water well records to prepare a resource map to show<br />
the thickness, burial depth, distribution and availability <strong>of</strong> sand and gravel in McHenry County.<br />
The thickness data <strong>of</strong> the sand and gravel were exported from the three-dimensional geologic<br />
framework model <strong>of</strong> McHenry County, by combining the individual thickness data <strong>of</strong> multiple,<br />
interconnected sand and gravel deposits. Depth <strong>of</strong> burial was extracted from individual deep drill<br />
hole data maintained by the Illinois State <strong>Geological</strong> Survey. In addition to the geological aspect <strong>of</strong><br />
the sand and gravel deposits, we also assessed whether these deposits were available for mining<br />
under current land use practices. For example, the sand and gravel resources are not minable<br />
in the residential and other developed areas. This map shows that a significant loss <strong>of</strong> minable<br />
resources has occurred in McHenry County due to land use, especially in the eastern half <strong>of</strong><br />
the county, which is heavily urbanized and where aggregate resources are most needed.This<br />
map can help constituents in the sand and gravel industry find needed construction resources<br />
<strong>with</strong> implications for aggregate quality, transportation, and economic feasibility. As the Chicago<br />
metropolitan area population continues to grow, the distribution <strong>of</strong> economically mineable sand<br />
and gravel deposits in McHenry County and nearby counties will become increasingly important<br />
for land use, environmental planning and groundwater resource decisions.<br />
11-6 BTH 36 Bruegger, Alison [218582]<br />
ICE-WALLED LAKE PLAINS HIGHLIGHTED ON NEW SURFICIAL GEOLOGY MAP OF KANE<br />
COUNTY, ILLINOIS<br />
BRUEGGER, Alison, Illinois State <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Prairie Research Institute, 615 E.<br />
Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820, bruegge1@illinois.edu, CURRY, B. Brandon, Prairie<br />
Research Institute, Illinois State <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Champaign, IL 61820, and GRIMLEY,<br />
David A., Illinois State <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University <strong>of</strong> Illinois,<br />
615 E. Peabody Dr, Champaign, IL 61820<br />
A 1:62,500-scale surficial geology map <strong>of</strong> Kane County, a western collar county <strong>of</strong> suburban<br />
Chicago, has recently been digitally compiled from published and unpublished 1:24,000 maps.<br />
The map’s digital database includes information from more than 200 borings and outcrops<br />
sampled over the past 45 years by the Illinois State <strong>Geological</strong> Survey (ISGS). Many include<br />
down-hole natural gamma-ray logs, and core subsample analyses <strong>of</strong> clay minerals and particlesize<br />
distribution. Mapping in the digital environment has benefited from new base maps <strong>of</strong> shaded<br />
relief from LiDAR-based DEMs.<br />
Our new map highlights the distribution <strong>of</strong> ice-walled lake plains which occur primarily between<br />
the Arlington and Bloomington moraines, and between the St. Charles and Marengo moraines.<br />
Mapped as a facies <strong>of</strong> the silty and clayey surficial lacustrine/glaciolacustrine unit (the Equality<br />
Formation), ice-walled lake plains (IWLPs) include deposits <strong>of</strong> sand and gravel that occur, relative<br />
to the core <strong>of</strong> laminated silty lake sediment at the base (as a lag), on the sides (as ice-contact<br />
deltas), and in the sub-loess mantle (as solifluction deposits). The total facies package is typically<br />
4 to 8 m thick. IWLPs rise 1 to 3 m above the surrounding landscape which may include deposits<br />
<strong>of</strong> diamicton or younger terraces underlain by younger glaciolacustrine deposits. Glacial Lake<br />
Pingree, a large proglacial lake mapped originally by Willman and Frye (1970), is a complex<br />
<strong>of</strong> IWLPs encased in younger lake sediment. Some lower level terraces may reflect stepwise<br />
lowering <strong>of</strong> base level, and could be interpreted as IWLPs.<br />
Notable features in Kane County include: 1) Seventy-meter thick deposits <strong>of</strong> clay loam<br />
diamicton <strong>of</strong> the Tiskilwa Formation (Wedron Group) forming the Marengo Moraine, 2) High-level<br />
terraces along the Fox River formed during by catastrophic overflow (“Fox Torrent” <strong>of</strong> Alden) <strong>of</strong><br />
a proglacial lake dammed by the Woodstock Moraine, 3) Deep bedrock valleys <strong>with</strong> glaci<strong>of</strong>luvial<br />
fills <strong>of</strong> Illinois Episode sand and gravel, that contain important regional aquifers, and 4) An<br />
outstanding array <strong>of</strong> data characterizing Quaternary deposits. Data density is especially high<br />
at the former Fermi Accelerator Laboratory, which allowed differentiation <strong>of</strong> three facies <strong>of</strong> the<br />
Yorkville Member and the Batestown Member <strong>of</strong> the Lemont Formation.<br />
11-7 BTH 37 Phillips, Andrew C. [218681]<br />
INTERCALATING SLACKWATER LAKE AND OUTWASH DEPOSITS AT A BEDROCK VALLEY<br />
CONFLUENCE IN THE LOWER WABASH VALLEY<br />
PHILLIPS, Andrew C., Illinois State <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Prairie Research Institute, 615<br />
E. Peabody, Champaign, IL 61820, aphillps@illinois.edu, ISMAIL, Ahmed, Illinois State<br />
<strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Prairie Research Institute, 615 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL<br />
61820, LARSON, Timothy, Illinois State <strong>Geological</strong> Survey, Prairie Research Institute, 615 E<br />
Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820, and GEMPERLINE, Johanna, Department <strong>of</strong> Geology,<br />
University <strong>of</strong> Illinois, 1301 West Green St, MC 102, Urbana, IL 61801<br />
The Grayville 7.5’ Quadrangle, centered on 87.9373°E, 38.3126°N, includes the confluence <strong>of</strong><br />
the buried Bonpas Bedrock Valley (BBV) <strong>with</strong> the trunk Wabash Valley (WV). The BBV is a short,<br />
~1.5 km wide, and filled <strong>with</strong> up to 30 m <strong>of</strong> Quaternary sediment. The existing Bonpas Creek<br />
is underfit to the valley and is incised into the BBV fill. Bedrock-cored ridges and isolated hills<br />
protrude 10-30 m above low relief valley fills. The region was overridden by the Illinois Episode<br />
and earlier ice sheets but was affected only by proglacial processes during the Wisconsin<br />
Episode. The architecture <strong>of</strong> the valley fills was investigated <strong>with</strong> 3.5 km <strong>of</strong> shallow seismic<br />
shear wave pr<strong>of</strong>iling (SSW), 1 km <strong>of</strong> earth electrical resistivity pr<strong>of</strong>iling, probing, and study <strong>of</strong><br />
archived well logs. Strong, undular reflections in the SSW pr<strong>of</strong>iles delineate a clear thalweg and<br />
slightly stepped slopes along the margins <strong>of</strong> the BBV. The BBV and WV were excavated before<br />
the Illinois Episode. A small tributary to the BBV hangs 4m above the BBV thalweg, possibly<br />
indicating glacial erosion, bedrock control, or several stages <strong>of</strong> excavation. Although the high<br />
ridges are covered by a veneer <strong>of</strong> Illinois Episode till, sediment <strong>of</strong> that or earlier glacial episodes<br />
has not yet been recognized in the BBV fill. During the Wisconsin Episode, rapid glacifluvial<br />
aggradation in the WV dammed the BBV, causing formation <strong>of</strong> a slackwater lake. Some <strong>of</strong> the<br />
outwash, dominantly sand <strong>with</strong> gravel, transgressed up the lower BBV as a delta or fan. Silt loam<br />
to clay sediment was deposited in the lake from eolian and overbank sources. The alluvial and<br />
lacustrine sedimentation progressively filled the BBV until the end <strong>of</strong> the Wisconsin Episode.<br />
Two to eight prominent subhorizontal reflectors in the SSW pr<strong>of</strong>iles indicate episodic erosion<br />
and sedimentation. A late-glacial jökhulhaup overtopped the walls <strong>of</strong> the WV and formed a wide,<br />
gently sloping and low relief swath that crosscuts the lower Bonpas Valley. The central portion <strong>of</strong><br />
the swath was deposited from the main flow, whereas the bordering ridges were levee- or fan-like<br />
deposits that prograded in to the existing slackwater lake. Downcutting <strong>of</strong> the WV fill may also<br />
have occurred during this or related events. The modern floodplain <strong>of</strong> the WV is set ~7 m below<br />
the tributary valley fill deposits.