Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and the Chinese Revolution - KU ...

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in the province, Chinese Communists quickly came to occupy significant posts—in government, the educational institutions, the mass organizations, and so forth. Interestingly, in Sian, doubtless with Feng Yu-hsiang's consent, an organization comparable to the Russian GPU was created. It was called the Department of Political Defense (chengchih pao wei pu). Meanwhile, at Sian the Sun Yat-sen Military Academy was established. Both the Department of Political Defense and the Sun Yat-sen Military Academy were headed by a Communist named Shih K'o-hsuan. Liu Po-chien, a Communist, was made head of the Political Department of the united Kuominchun, and the CCP rapidly expanded its political work within the Kuominchun. In addition to Liu Po-chien, such Communists as Liu Chih-tan and Li Lin were active in the Kuominchun. Liu Chih-tan was subsequently to become a founder of the Shensi-Kansu Soviet area. 13 The young Party activists recruited by the Peking Chinese Communist organization specifically for work in Feng Yu-hsiang's army, about one hundred of them, were also by this time working in the Kuominchun. I might digress a bit to reminisce about one of them, a close, lifelong friend of mine named Wu Chung-Ian. We came from the same village in Hunan, and we studied at the same university in Peking. It was I who convinced him that he should join the CCP and who sponsored his membership in the Party. It was I, too, who recommended to the Peking Communist organization that he be assigned to work in Feng Yu-hsiang's army, and he left to undertake this work before I left Peking for Moscow. In 1927, when Feng Yu-hsiang turned against the Chinese Communists, most Communists working under him were dismissed, the others executed. Wu Chung-Ian was executed. With the rapid success of the Northward Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army, there was a swift growth of dissension in the revolutionary ranks. Starting with the anti-Communist coup in Shanghai, the conflict between the revolutionary and counterrevolutionary elements in the Wuhan government area was intensified. Even in the upper echelons of the Wuhan government there were signs of discord. Sensing danger for the Chinese revolution, the students of Sun Yatsen University passed a resolution on June 9, 1927, urging Feng Yuhsiang and T'ang Sheng-chih to hold the revolutionary line. The complete text of the resolution follows: 139
Through the CEC of the KMT in Wuhan and the Nationalist government we appeal to the commander-in-chief of the Wuhan Northward Expeditionary Forces, General Feng Yu-hsiang, the deputy commander, General Tang Shengchih, and all officers and soldiers in the front: The recent victory of the Northward Expedition launched by the Wuhan government and the armed threats of the Imperialists have demonstrated that only those revolutionary troops that operate with the support of the workers and peasants can be the fearful enemy of the Imperialists. The treacherous and inhuman actions of the new tool of the Imperialists, Chiang Kai-shek, can but make the people more revolutionary, strengthen the solidarity of the workers and peasants with the Nationalist government, render the victory of the Chinese revolution more secure, and accelerate the fall of Imperialist domination in China. The arming of the workers and peasants and the agrarian revolution in the villages are the only guarantees of the victory of the Chinese national revolution. The Northward Expedition is victorious, and we predict that the demoralization of Chang Tso-lin's army and his fall are inevitable. This news makes us very happy. The proletariat and oppressed peoples all over the world, especially the workers and peasants of the Soviet Union, sympathize deeply with our national revolution and offer us every possible assistance. This is proof of the correctness of the Three Principles of our illustrious President. All members of the branch of the KMT in this university have vowed to work together with all of the comrades of our party and to fight to the end. The Community of the members of the KMT in Sun Yat-sen University, Moscow. 14 This resolution, full of high-sounding phrases, was, of course, incapable of changing Feng's mind. He did not reply to it, nor did General Tang Sheng-chih. All Feng really cared about was the enlarging of his own domains; he could not have cared less about the revolution. On June 10, 1927, Feng, Wang Ching-wei, Tan Yen-k'ai, Hsu Ch'ien, Sun Fo, Ku Meng-yu, T'ang Sheng-chih, Chang Fa-k'uei, Teng Yen-ta, and General Blucher met in Cheng-chou to discuss retaliatory measures against Chiang Kai-shek. However, on June 19, Feng had met with Chiang and Hu Han-min to discuss the Northward Expedition and measures that could be taken against the Wuhan government. Feng analyzed the situation in the following manner: Chiang invited me to meet him in Hsu-chou. When I arrived in Hsu-chou we discussed the continuation of the Northward Expedition. So now the Wuhan government wants me to help them fight Chiang Kai-shek, and Chiang wants me 140
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Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
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Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
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COPYRIGHT © 1971 CENTER FOR EAST A
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University in Moscow and of the 28
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of whom I was one. My memory, as is
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Contents Foreword v Preface vii Abb
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Introduction Dr. Sun Yat-sen was bo
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enough names to indicate that these
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Yat-sen University enrolled non-Com
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To Lenin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen represent
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momentum. This influence reached it
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gone to Russia to study at KUTV, in
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is approaching when the Soviet Unio
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University in Moscow in the same ye
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egistering for the examinations. Th
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Chapter II The Pilgrimage to Red Me
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Russian for about four or five mont
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Province. But I shall suppress my i
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While the Soviet Union was generall
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the stowage area because the very f
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nights on the train. We finally arr
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the Trade Union Building in Novembe
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large number of Trotskyite professo
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utterfly. At times he hung his head
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ector was filled by a very handsome
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of the university in the summer of
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Chapter IV The Internal Organizatio
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Rector Radek of Sun Yat-sen Univers
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world our denouncement of the consp
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arranged the secret nighttime arres
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planning even more and forced an ex
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foreign currency. Therefore, the Ru
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Sinologists. Another famed Russian
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addition to employing most of the y
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theoretical thinking of the members
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14. I have had an opportunity to ex
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tionary Movements. The reason for t
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nevertheless cannot deny that "Geog
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of a Russian-language work entitled
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up to the seventh class, which also
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instructor in the Soviet Party Scho
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With this special attention these "
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I was honored to teach the politica
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In all, there were four professors
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However, we might as well have been
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usually ran around two hours, and t
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dragged on and on, and finally the
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From the above, one can see that th
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Chapter VI Room, Board, and Recreat
Page 100 and 101: Let us now turn to housing at Sun Y
Page 102 and 103: When famous operas were staged in M
Page 104 and 105: staying temporarily in Russia we di
Page 106 and 107: excellent meals, I knew that our pr
Page 108 and 109: passed a resolution to cooperate wi
Page 110 and 111: The actual theoretical struggle bet
Page 112 and 113: time, he had to be careful not to a
Page 114 and 115: pai, who had attended the Congress
Page 116 and 117: ticular. At this crucial juncture i
Page 118 and 119: Chapter VIII Rule of the Moscow Bra
Page 120 and 121: 5. Destroy unity based on sentiment
Page 122 and 123: students and the entire petty bourg
Page 124 and 125: were, after all, human beings and n
Page 126 and 127: she said, should be based on trust
Page 128 and 129: eturn to China. In addition, they w
Page 130 and 131: Kai-shek, and the other to the work
Page 132 and 133: for example, Stalin had insisted th
Page 134 and 135: us the new title, "Chiang Kai-shek,
Page 136 and 137: committee simply had not expected t
Page 138 and 139: throw his lot in with the Communist
Page 140 and 141: Surely it was on this point that th
Page 142 and 143: ers whose sympathies lay with Trots
Page 144 and 145: Chapter X Feng Yu-hsiang—Honorary
Page 146 and 147: of thirty people, which included Yu
Page 148 and 149: Province, as did Feng. It seems app
Page 152 and 153: to help him fight the Wuhan governm
Page 154 and 155: However, their plans were destined
Page 156 and 157: Hu Han-min was an especially import
Page 158 and 159: Russian scholars. He also received
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Page 162 and 163: youngsters who had stood for hours
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Page 166 and 167: tionary movement developed rapidly.
Page 168 and 169: to make it known that they were see
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Page 172 and 173: students to edit and translate it i
Page 174 and 175: many people at Sun Yat-sen Universi
Page 176 and 177: intern's China policy. In September
Page 178 and 179: occasionally turned up with deep sc
Page 180 and 181: 5. To demand that the CPSU reorgani
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Page 184 and 185: Trotskyites who had not been arrest
Page 186 and 187: of inquiry. In the heavy crossfire
Page 188 and 189: eighty to ninety Trotskyite student
Page 190 and 191: and alert. The prisoner, still brac
Page 192 and 193: There was also, of course, a good d
Page 194 and 195: The sages and idiots, after a thous
Page 196 and 197: 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprisings
Page 198 and 199: delegates to the Fifth Congress of
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gotten, but they probably were not
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uilding. Upon our arrival there, we
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torians have experienced problems a
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unanimously elected executive gener
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NIKOLAI BUKHARIN AND OTHER RUSSIANS
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can be converted into paddy fields,
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secretary general. Kuan had been a
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away, and we relaxed, feeling exhau
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Chapter XV The Struggle Against the
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elaborate celebration than ever bef
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the bureau of the Party branch. And
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ever, was short-lived. The Second L
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conspicuous. 3 They criticized the
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worker and peasant students. Althou
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oughly 5 percent of the approximate
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was located, one of twenty-six admi
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and then asked me to interpret what
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as long as the situation permitted.
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worried the 28 Bolsheviks. For she
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learned years later when I met seve
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truly remarkable that the Chinese C
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liminary Successes in One or More P
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line, so at the session and for a t
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I remained in Moscow. I was assigne
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special personnel arrangements that
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Chapter XVII The 28 Bolsheviks and
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Provincial Committee, was short-liv
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ack in Hong Kong, the British immed
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capitulated to the KMT authorities,
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next time, Li Chin-yung, who was di
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Kiangsi Province and at Mao Tse-tun
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in early 1933, Ch'in Pang-hsien and
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eceived from Jui-chin. 14 Upon rece
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as follows: (1) The Central Soviet
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Chang Wen-t'ien, a man of literary
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trends in the united front and expo
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sought to destroy in the 1960s, but
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Index In addition to abbreviations
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discrimination, racial, 32-33 "Do y
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for leadership of CCP, 237-261; sei
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at, 90-95; Student Commune, 92; "co
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