Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and the Chinese Revolution - KU ...

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up to the seventh class, which also depended on interpreters. There I met two friends of mine, Wu Chia-yu and Wang Ch'ung-wu. Wu had studied Russian for a while at Peking University, but had later majored in Chinese literature. Therefore he had to take up Russian anew in Moscow. Wang sat next to me in class. He was a very large gentleman from Shantung, candid, forthright, and impatient with conventions. He was also a brilliant scholar. All in all, I must say that I benefited greatly from my close association with these two individuals. Unfortunately, however, I was soon transferred to the fourth class, the so-called Semi-Russian Class. Aside from linguistic considerations, the length of time of Party membership (CCP, of course) also seemed to be a factor in class placement. The seventh group of the first graduating class was one that appeared to have been set up with this criterion in mind. We called it the "Theoretical Class." Most students in this class had been Party members for a long time and had lengthy experience in the revolution. Some were also professors. Many were already famous, like Chou T'ien-lu, Shen Tse-min, Teng Hsiao-p'ing, Hu Chung, Li Chun-tse, Yu Hsiu-sung, Ch'u Wu, Tso Ch'uan, and Wang Pien (a woman). Yu Hsiu-sung had played an important part in the early history of the CCP. When the Comintern sent Voitinsky, who was accompanied by Yang Ming-chai, to China in March, 1920, Yu ably served for a time as Voitinsky's assistant. Yu was also instrumental in the preparations that went into founding both the Chinese Socialist Youth Corps and the CCP. In addition he helped to found the Foreign Languages School in Shanghai. Wang Pien served as director of the Shantung CYC. Shen Tse-min, brother of the famous Communist author Shen Yen-ping (Mao Tun), was also famous in Shanghai's literary circles in his own right. In 1923 he, along with Wang Ch'iu-hsin and Chiang Kuang-chih, fellow students at Shanghai University, led the "Revolutionary Literature Movement." At Sun Yat-sen University he was not only a student, but also an interpreter and assistant instructor. He was one of the 28 Bolsheviks in the university. Upon Shen's return to China, he was sent later to the Hupeh-Honan-Anhwei Base as one of the representatives of the CC, where he died after a long illness. Teng Hsiao-p'ing, originally a "work and frugal study" student in France, went to Moscow from France. While a student at Sun Yat-sen 69
University he acquired the nickname "Little Cannon" because of his short stature and aggressive spirit. After his return to China he was stationed in Kwangsi Province, where he organized insurrections among KMT troops and was a founder of the Soviet district there. Subsequently, he did important political work in the Red Army and experienced a conspicuous and rapid rise in influence under Mao Tsetung. At the Eighth Congress of the CCP in 1956 he became secretary general of the Party's Secretariat. Among a great many other toplevel undertakings, Teng headed the CCP delegation to Moscow in July, 1963, which held, and then broke off, talks with the CPSU's leadership. Yet in the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, which began in 1966, he became a target of attack second only to Liu Shao-ch'i. Chou T'ien-lu broke with the CCP and subsequently became an important Trotskyite. He was very learned in Chinese history and literature and once served as an adviser to General Hu Tsung-nan. He was shot by an underground CCP agent in Shanghai in 1949 shortly before the CCP took the city. Ch'u Wu was the son-in-law of the deceased KMT hero Yu Yu-jen. At one time he left the CCP and was a member of the Nationalist government's Control Yuan. Since 1949 he has worked in Peking. Tso Ch'uan originally attended Whampoa Military Academy, and after his graduation from Sun Yat-sen University, he continued his studies at Moscow Military Academy. In 1930 Tso returned to China and went to the Kiangsi Soviet Military District as commander of the Fifteenth Army. One can easily see that this "Theoretical Class" was quite extraordinary. While there were other groups in the first and second graduating classes at Sun Yat-sen University, none contained such notable individuals. A class called the Special Class was formed sometime in 1928. It included among its members not only long-time Communist Party members, but also such KMT "founding fathers" as Wu Yu-chang, who had been a member of the Tung-meng Hui and a member of the CEC of the KMT. During the revolution of 1925-1927 Wu represented the Communist Party in the Wuhan government. After the failure of that revolution, Wu was sent to Sun Yat-sen University. When the university was closed down in 1930, he was sent to Vladivostok as an 70
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Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
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Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
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COPYRIGHT © 1971 CENTER FOR EAST A
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University in Moscow and of the 28
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of whom I was one. My memory, as is
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Contents Foreword v Preface vii Abb
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Introduction Dr. Sun Yat-sen was bo
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enough names to indicate that these
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Yat-sen University enrolled non-Com
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To Lenin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen represent
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momentum. This influence reached it
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gone to Russia to study at KUTV, in
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is approaching when the Soviet Unio
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University in Moscow in the same ye
Page 30 and 31: egistering for the examinations. Th
Page 32 and 33: Chapter II The Pilgrimage to Red Me
Page 34 and 35: Russian for about four or five mont
Page 36 and 37: Province. But I shall suppress my i
Page 38 and 39: While the Soviet Union was generall
Page 40 and 41: the stowage area because the very f
Page 42 and 43: nights on the train. We finally arr
Page 44 and 45: the Trade Union Building in Novembe
Page 46 and 47: large number of Trotskyite professo
Page 48 and 49: utterfly. At times he hung his head
Page 50 and 51: ector was filled by a very handsome
Page 52 and 53: of the university in the summer of
Page 54 and 55: Chapter IV The Internal Organizatio
Page 56 and 57: Rector Radek of Sun Yat-sen Univers
Page 58 and 59: world our denouncement of the consp
Page 60 and 61: arranged the secret nighttime arres
Page 62 and 63: planning even more and forced an ex
Page 64 and 65: foreign currency. Therefore, the Ru
Page 66 and 67: Sinologists. Another famed Russian
Page 68 and 69: addition to employing most of the y
Page 70 and 71: theoretical thinking of the members
Page 72 and 73: 14. I have had an opportunity to ex
Page 74 and 75: tionary Movements. The reason for t
Page 76 and 77: nevertheless cannot deny that "Geog
Page 78 and 79: of a Russian-language work entitled
Page 82 and 83: instructor in the Soviet Party Scho
Page 84 and 85: With this special attention these "
Page 86 and 87: I was honored to teach the politica
Page 88 and 89: In all, there were four professors
Page 90 and 91: However, we might as well have been
Page 92 and 93: usually ran around two hours, and t
Page 94 and 95: dragged on and on, and finally the
Page 96 and 97: From the above, one can see that th
Page 98 and 99: Chapter VI Room, Board, and Recreat
Page 100 and 101: Let us now turn to housing at Sun Y
Page 102 and 103: When famous operas were staged in M
Page 104 and 105: staying temporarily in Russia we di
Page 106 and 107: excellent meals, I knew that our pr
Page 108 and 109: passed a resolution to cooperate wi
Page 110 and 111: The actual theoretical struggle bet
Page 112 and 113: time, he had to be careful not to a
Page 114 and 115: pai, who had attended the Congress
Page 116 and 117: ticular. At this crucial juncture i
Page 118 and 119: Chapter VIII Rule of the Moscow Bra
Page 120 and 121: 5. Destroy unity based on sentiment
Page 122 and 123: students and the entire petty bourg
Page 124 and 125: were, after all, human beings and n
Page 126 and 127: she said, should be based on trust
Page 128 and 129: eturn to China. In addition, they w
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Kai-shek, and the other to the work
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for example, Stalin had insisted th
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us the new title, "Chiang Kai-shek,
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committee simply had not expected t
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throw his lot in with the Communist
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Surely it was on this point that th
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ers whose sympathies lay with Trots
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Chapter X Feng Yu-hsiang—Honorary
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of thirty people, which included Yu
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Province, as did Feng. It seems app
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in the province, Chinese Communists
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to help him fight the Wuhan governm
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However, their plans were destined
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Hu Han-min was an especially import
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Russian scholars. He also received
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discussions was the relationship be
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youngsters who had stood for hours
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Russia as well as among us students
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tionary movement developed rapidly.
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to make it known that they were see
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ecause of a desire to chat with his
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students to edit and translate it i
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many people at Sun Yat-sen Universi
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intern's China policy. In September
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occasionally turned up with deep sc
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5. To demand that the CPSU reorgani
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K'uan, Cheng Ch'ao-lin, Kao Yu-han,
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Trotskyites who had not been arrest
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of inquiry. In the heavy crossfire
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eighty to ninety Trotskyite student
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and alert. The prisoner, still brac
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There was also, of course, a good d
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The sages and idiots, after a thous
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1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprisings
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delegates to the Fifth Congress of
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gotten, but they probably were not
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uilding. Upon our arrival there, we
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torians have experienced problems a
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unanimously elected executive gener
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NIKOLAI BUKHARIN AND OTHER RUSSIANS
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can be converted into paddy fields,
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secretary general. Kuan had been a
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away, and we relaxed, feeling exhau
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Chapter XV The Struggle Against the
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elaborate celebration than ever bef
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the bureau of the Party branch. And
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ever, was short-lived. The Second L
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conspicuous. 3 They criticized the
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worker and peasant students. Althou
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oughly 5 percent of the approximate
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was located, one of twenty-six admi
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and then asked me to interpret what
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as long as the situation permitted.
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worried the 28 Bolsheviks. For she
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learned years later when I met seve
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truly remarkable that the Chinese C
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liminary Successes in One or More P
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line, so at the session and for a t
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I remained in Moscow. I was assigne
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special personnel arrangements that
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Chapter XVII The 28 Bolsheviks and
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Provincial Committee, was short-liv
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ack in Hong Kong, the British immed
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capitulated to the KMT authorities,
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next time, Li Chin-yung, who was di
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Kiangsi Province and at Mao Tse-tun
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in early 1933, Ch'in Pang-hsien and
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eceived from Jui-chin. 14 Upon rece
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as follows: (1) The Central Soviet
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Chang Wen-t'ien, a man of literary
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trends in the united front and expo
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sought to destroy in the 1960s, but
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Index In addition to abbreviations
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discrimination, racial, 32-33 "Do y
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for leadership of CCP, 237-261; sei
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at, 90-95; Student Commune, 92; "co
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