Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and the Chinese Revolution - KU ...

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I remained in Moscow. I was assigned at this time to help with the translation and evaluation of all documents sent by the CCP to the Comintern, the job Ch'en Shao-yu had held prior to his departure for China. I translated documents and then prepared brief analytical summaries of them for use by the Comintern. In this position, I saw Mif once or twice each week in his Comintern office. He was then talking with Chou En-lai about a settlement of the Sun Yat-sen University case. Thus I know that Mif remained in Moscow at least through August, 1930. Ch'u Ch'iu-pai left Russia for China some time after the resolution on the China question was passed by the ECCI on July 23, 1930. 20 For Ch'u returned to China to implement the July 23, 1930, resolution, and he attended the Third Plenum of the Sixth CC of the CCP in September. It seems altogether unlikely, then, that Mif and Ch'u Ch'iu-pai went to China at the same time. For it would have been almost impossible for Mif to have reached China in time to attend the Third Plenum of the CC of the CCP which Ch'u attended. Furthermore, Mif and Ch'u Ch'iu-pai were practically at war with one another, and it seems improbable that they would have been sent to China together merely to transfer their battle ground from Moscow to Shanghai. At the same time, it seems improbable that the Comintern would have sent Ch'u to China unless it trusted him to carry out his mission. It is more likely that when Ch'u failed in his mission at the Plenum of the Sixth CC in September, 1930, his old antagonist Mif went to China to rectify the situation, probably arriving in October or November or possibly later. The next problem of concern to us here is how and when the socalled 28 Bolsheviks returned to China. Most secondary sources indicate that they all returned home with Mif in 1930. Nothing could be further from the truth. First, the so-called 28 Bolsheviks did not return to China together. Some of them went back at the end of 1929, but their impact was not immediate. For instance, Ch'en Shao-yu went to China before Mif had been appointed Comintern delegate to China. Upon his return from Russia, moreover, Ch'en was not immediately put into an important position by the CC of the CCP. He was assigned to be a Western Shanghai correspondent for Red Flag magazine. The editorin-chief of Red Flag then was a veteran Communist, Hsieh Chueh- 235
tsai, who much later became Minister of Interior in the Chinese Communist regime in Peking, a position from which he retired in the spring of 1965. Sometime between May and June, 1930, Ch'en Shao-yu was arrested while attending a mass rally in Western Shanghai. He was not recognized at the police station, where he was imprisoned as an ordinary law violator. In truth, Ch'en at that time was not important in the CCP. But Ch'en was anxious to get out of the prison. He disregarded elementary security measures and endangered his Party by writing to P'an Wen-yu, a graduate of Sun Yat-sen University, then secretary of the Propaganda Department of the CC of the CCP, for help. 21 He bribed an Indian policeman to deliver the message to P'an. When P'an received Ch'en's letter, he was shocked. Because of Ch'en's stupidity most of the underground agencies of the Chinese Communists in Shanghai had to move to new locations, for Ch'en had sent a policeman directly to one of them. Ch'en was soon released. He then wrote to Mif, and falsely claimed that he had been beaten in prison and complained that the CC of the CCP had ignored him. Mif was furious. He wrote to the CC of the CCP before its Fourth Plenum, praising Ch'en Shao-yu for his heroism and for being the best example of a brave revolutionary, and attacking the leadership of Li Li-san for failing to give Ch'en an important position. The above episode attests to the fact that the so-called 28 Bolsheviks did not return to China in a body with Mif, and that these returned "heroes" did not immediately rise to power upon their homecoming. Second, the great majority of so-called 28 Bolsheviks returned to China successively in the summer of 1930. Most of them chose Shanghai as the center of their activities, including Chang Wen-t'ien (Lo Fu), Ch'in Pang-hsien, Shen Tse-min, Li Chou-sheng, Wang Chia-hsiang, Yang Shang-k'uen, Ho Tzu-shu, Yin Chien, Ch'en Shao-yu, Meng Ch'in-shu (Mme. Ch'en Shao-yu), Ch'en Yuan-tao, Ch'en Ch'ang-hao, Tu Tso-hsiang (Mme. Ch'en Ch'ang-hao), Wang Yun-ch'eng, Chu Ah-ken, Ho K'e-ch'uan, and Li Yuan-chieh. They were altogether seventeen in number, representing almost two-thirds of the whole group. Third, a small number of the so-called 28 Bolsheviks came back to China in 1931 and 1932. They had been assigned to work in the Far Eastern area of Soviet Russia in the fall of 1930. This was one of the 236
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Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
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Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
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COPYRIGHT © 1971 CENTER FOR EAST A
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University in Moscow and of the 28
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of whom I was one. My memory, as is
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Contents Foreword v Preface vii Abb
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Introduction Dr. Sun Yat-sen was bo
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enough names to indicate that these
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Yat-sen University enrolled non-Com
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To Lenin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen represent
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momentum. This influence reached it
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gone to Russia to study at KUTV, in
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is approaching when the Soviet Unio
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University in Moscow in the same ye
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egistering for the examinations. Th
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Chapter II The Pilgrimage to Red Me
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Russian for about four or five mont
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Province. But I shall suppress my i
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While the Soviet Union was generall
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the stowage area because the very f
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nights on the train. We finally arr
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the Trade Union Building in Novembe
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large number of Trotskyite professo
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utterfly. At times he hung his head
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ector was filled by a very handsome
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of the university in the summer of
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Chapter IV The Internal Organizatio
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Rector Radek of Sun Yat-sen Univers
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world our denouncement of the consp
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arranged the secret nighttime arres
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planning even more and forced an ex
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foreign currency. Therefore, the Ru
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Sinologists. Another famed Russian
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addition to employing most of the y
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theoretical thinking of the members
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14. I have had an opportunity to ex
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tionary Movements. The reason for t
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nevertheless cannot deny that "Geog
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of a Russian-language work entitled
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up to the seventh class, which also
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instructor in the Soviet Party Scho
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With this special attention these "
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I was honored to teach the politica
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In all, there were four professors
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However, we might as well have been
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usually ran around two hours, and t
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dragged on and on, and finally the
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From the above, one can see that th
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Chapter VI Room, Board, and Recreat
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Let us now turn to housing at Sun Y
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When famous operas were staged in M
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staying temporarily in Russia we di
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excellent meals, I knew that our pr
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passed a resolution to cooperate wi
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The actual theoretical struggle bet
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time, he had to be careful not to a
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pai, who had attended the Congress
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ticular. At this crucial juncture i
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Chapter VIII Rule of the Moscow Bra
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5. Destroy unity based on sentiment
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students and the entire petty bourg
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were, after all, human beings and n
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she said, should be based on trust
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eturn to China. In addition, they w
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Kai-shek, and the other to the work
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for example, Stalin had insisted th
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us the new title, "Chiang Kai-shek,
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committee simply had not expected t
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throw his lot in with the Communist
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Surely it was on this point that th
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ers whose sympathies lay with Trots
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Chapter X Feng Yu-hsiang—Honorary
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of thirty people, which included Yu
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Province, as did Feng. It seems app
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in the province, Chinese Communists
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to help him fight the Wuhan governm
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However, their plans were destined
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Hu Han-min was an especially import
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Russian scholars. He also received
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discussions was the relationship be
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youngsters who had stood for hours
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Russia as well as among us students
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tionary movement developed rapidly.
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to make it known that they were see
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ecause of a desire to chat with his
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students to edit and translate it i
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many people at Sun Yat-sen Universi
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intern's China policy. In September
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occasionally turned up with deep sc
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5. To demand that the CPSU reorgani
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K'uan, Cheng Ch'ao-lin, Kao Yu-han,
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Trotskyites who had not been arrest
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of inquiry. In the heavy crossfire
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eighty to ninety Trotskyite student
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and alert. The prisoner, still brac
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There was also, of course, a good d
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The sages and idiots, after a thous
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Page 198 and 199: delegates to the Fifth Congress of
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Page 208 and 209: NIKOLAI BUKHARIN AND OTHER RUSSIANS
Page 210 and 211: can be converted into paddy fields,
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Page 214 and 215: away, and we relaxed, feeling exhau
Page 216 and 217: Chapter XV The Struggle Against the
Page 218 and 219: elaborate celebration than ever bef
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Page 222 and 223: ever, was short-lived. The Second L
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Page 230 and 231: was located, one of twenty-six admi
Page 232 and 233: and then asked me to interpret what
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Page 236 and 237: worried the 28 Bolsheviks. For she
Page 238 and 239: learned years later when I met seve
Page 240 and 241: truly remarkable that the Chinese C
Page 242 and 243: liminary Successes in One or More P
Page 244 and 245: line, so at the session and for a t
Page 248 and 249: special personnel arrangements that
Page 250 and 251: Chapter XVII The 28 Bolsheviks and
Page 252 and 253: Provincial Committee, was short-liv
Page 254 and 255: ack in Hong Kong, the British immed
Page 256 and 257: capitulated to the KMT authorities,
Page 258 and 259: next time, Li Chin-yung, who was di
Page 260 and 261: Kiangsi Province and at Mao Tse-tun
Page 262 and 263: in early 1933, Ch'in Pang-hsien and
Page 264 and 265: eceived from Jui-chin. 14 Upon rece
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Page 268 and 269: Chang Wen-t'ien, a man of literary
Page 270 and 271: trends in the united front and expo
Page 272 and 273: sought to destroy in the 1960s, but
Page 274 and 275: Index In addition to abbreviations
Page 276 and 277: discrimination, racial, 32-33 "Do y
Page 278 and 279: for leadership of CCP, 237-261; sei
Page 280 and 281: at, 90-95; Student Commune, 92; "co
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