Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and the Chinese Revolution - KU ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

gone to Russia to study at KUTV, in 1925 hundreds of Chinese began to flock to Russia to study at Sun Yat-sen University. However, the opening of Sun Yat-sen University brought more than a quantitative change for Chinese students. While students from Europe and the United States brought their class notes and books containing "science" and "democracy" home with them, and dreams, perhaps, those who studied in Russia brought back dreams of a new China plus political programs to realize them and party affiliations to support them. # And these students who had studied in Russia ultimately played a large part in shaping China's destiny. DR. SUN'S DEATH AND BORODIN'S ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE FOUNDING OF SUN YAT-SEN UNIVERSITY On November 13, 1924, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, with a group of nineteen persons including Madame Sun and Wang Ching-wei, left Canton for Peking. The purpose of this northern trip was the realization of Sun's lofty aspiration of "the regeneration of China." This regeneration was to take place through consultation with Generals Tuan Ch'i-jui and Chang Tso-lin. Unfortunately, Dr. Sun and his mission did not reach Peking until December 31, as Dr. Sun was detained at Tientsin for almost a month with a recurrence of his liver trouble. At that time I was a student at the National University of Law and Political Science (kuo-li fa chen ta-hsueh) in Peking, and I vividly remember Dr. Sun's arrival. Two days before his arrival it snowed heavily in Peking, and all of the roads were frozen and quite treacherous. In addition, the temperature had fallen below zero. Yet, in spite of the unfavorable weather, some one hundred thousand persons gathered at Peking's Front Gate Station to welcome Dr. Sun. A band from National Peking Institute of Arts started to play Chinese music as Dr. Sun stepped off his special train, and thousands of people shouted with excitement at the prospect of seeing and hearing him. But Dr. Sun was gravely ill; and he simply nodded to the welcoming crowd, stepped into his car, and went directly to the Hotel Peking. On the evening of Dr. Sun's arrival a lantern march was held. We * For security reasons, when the Chinese students crossed the border between China and Russia, Russian intelligence personnel searched them and stripped them of their books and class notes. 12
gathered at the square in front of the Tien-an Men and set out like a flaming dragon for Dr. Sun's temporary residence on Iron Lion Lane (t'ieh shih-tze hu-t'ung), which Tuan Ch'i-jui had made available to him. We were anxious to pay our respects to Dr. Sun and hoped that he would give a speech. But upon our arrival we found that Dr. Sun was still too ill to address us. Instead Wang Ching-wei, Sun's handsome Cantonese assistant, appeared and, on behalf of Dr. Sun, expressed his thanks to us. We then dispersed in disappointment. Sun Yat-sen's illness became even more critical as the days passed. Six or seven foreign doctors in Peking were consulted, but there was no evidence of improvement in Dr. Sun's condition. Finally, on January 4, 1925, a Russian liver specialist arrived from Moscow. However, every effort was in vain. At 9:30 A.M. on March 12 Dr. Sun died, leaving behind him a still struggling China with her suffering people. When Dr. Sun's illness had become extremely critical, a will was drawn up by Wang Ching-wei; and on February 24 Wang read it to Dr. Sun to get his approval. On March 11 Dr. Sun was finally asked by his comrades to sign this will, together with a message to the Soviet Union. The message was apparently composed in English by Eugene Ch'en. This message, made public only after Sun's death, became an important document in the history of Sino-Soviet relations. The full text of the message is as follows: Dear Comrades, Here on my deathbed my thoughts turn to you, as well as to the future destiny of my Party and of my country. You are at the head of the Union of free Republics, that heritage which the immortal Lenin has left to all suppressed peoples of the world. By means of this heritage, the victims of imperialism will inevitably win their emancipation from that social order which has always been based upon slavery, war, and injustice. I leave behind me a party which, as I always hoped, will be allied with you in its historical task of liberating China and other suppressed peoples from the yoke of imperialism. My charge to the Kuomintang party above all is that it shall continue to promote the cause of national revolutionary movement for the emancipation of China, which has been degraded by imperialism into a semi-colonial country. I therefore charge my party to maintain permanent contact with you. I cherish the firm belief that your support of my country will remain unaltered. In taking my last leave of you, dear comrades, I express the hope that the day 13
Page 1 and 2: Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
Page 3 and 4: Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
Page 5 and 6: COPYRIGHT © 1971 CENTER FOR EAST A
Page 7 and 8: University in Moscow and of the 28
Page 9 and 10: of whom I was one. My memory, as is
Page 11 and 12: Contents Foreword v Preface vii Abb
Page 13 and 14: Introduction Dr. Sun Yat-sen was bo
Page 15 and 16: enough names to indicate that these
Page 17: Yat-sen University enrolled non-Com
Page 20 and 21: To Lenin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen represent
Page 22 and 23: momentum. This influence reached it
Page 26 and 27: is approaching when the Soviet Unio
Page 28 and 29: University in Moscow in the same ye
Page 30 and 31: egistering for the examinations. Th
Page 32 and 33: Chapter II The Pilgrimage to Red Me
Page 34 and 35: Russian for about four or five mont
Page 36 and 37: Province. But I shall suppress my i
Page 38 and 39: While the Soviet Union was generall
Page 40 and 41: the stowage area because the very f
Page 42 and 43: nights on the train. We finally arr
Page 44 and 45: the Trade Union Building in Novembe
Page 46 and 47: large number of Trotskyite professo
Page 48 and 49: utterfly. At times he hung his head
Page 50 and 51: ector was filled by a very handsome
Page 52 and 53: of the university in the summer of
Page 54 and 55: Chapter IV The Internal Organizatio
Page 56 and 57: Rector Radek of Sun Yat-sen Univers
Page 58 and 59: world our denouncement of the consp
Page 60 and 61: arranged the secret nighttime arres
Page 62 and 63: planning even more and forced an ex
Page 64 and 65: foreign currency. Therefore, the Ru
Page 66 and 67: Sinologists. Another famed Russian
Page 68 and 69: addition to employing most of the y
Page 70 and 71: theoretical thinking of the members
Page 72 and 73: 14. I have had an opportunity to ex
Page 74 and 75:
tionary Movements. The reason for t
Page 76 and 77:
nevertheless cannot deny that "Geog
Page 78 and 79:
of a Russian-language work entitled
Page 80 and 81:
up to the seventh class, which also
Page 82 and 83:
instructor in the Soviet Party Scho
Page 84 and 85:
With this special attention these "
Page 86 and 87:
I was honored to teach the politica
Page 88 and 89:
In all, there were four professors
Page 90 and 91:
However, we might as well have been
Page 92 and 93:
usually ran around two hours, and t
Page 94 and 95:
dragged on and on, and finally the
Page 96 and 97:
From the above, one can see that th
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter VI Room, Board, and Recreat
Page 100 and 101:
Let us now turn to housing at Sun Y
Page 102 and 103:
When famous operas were staged in M
Page 104 and 105:
staying temporarily in Russia we di
Page 106 and 107:
excellent meals, I knew that our pr
Page 108 and 109:
passed a resolution to cooperate wi
Page 110 and 111:
The actual theoretical struggle bet
Page 112 and 113:
time, he had to be careful not to a
Page 114 and 115:
pai, who had attended the Congress
Page 116 and 117:
ticular. At this crucial juncture i
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter VIII Rule of the Moscow Bra
Page 120 and 121:
5. Destroy unity based on sentiment
Page 122 and 123:
students and the entire petty bourg
Page 124 and 125:
were, after all, human beings and n
Page 126 and 127:
she said, should be based on trust
Page 128 and 129:
eturn to China. In addition, they w
Page 130 and 131:
Kai-shek, and the other to the work
Page 132 and 133:
for example, Stalin had insisted th
Page 134 and 135:
us the new title, "Chiang Kai-shek,
Page 136 and 137:
committee simply had not expected t
Page 138 and 139:
throw his lot in with the Communist
Page 140 and 141:
Surely it was on this point that th
Page 142 and 143:
ers whose sympathies lay with Trots
Page 144 and 145:
Chapter X Feng Yu-hsiang—Honorary
Page 146 and 147:
of thirty people, which included Yu
Page 148 and 149:
Province, as did Feng. It seems app
Page 150 and 151:
in the province, Chinese Communists
Page 152 and 153:
to help him fight the Wuhan governm
Page 154 and 155:
However, their plans were destined
Page 156 and 157:
Hu Han-min was an especially import
Page 158 and 159:
Russian scholars. He also received
Page 160 and 161:
discussions was the relationship be
Page 162 and 163:
youngsters who had stood for hours
Page 164 and 165:
Russia as well as among us students
Page 166 and 167:
tionary movement developed rapidly.
Page 168 and 169:
to make it known that they were see
Page 170 and 171:
ecause of a desire to chat with his
Page 172 and 173:
students to edit and translate it i
Page 174 and 175:
many people at Sun Yat-sen Universi
Page 176 and 177:
intern's China policy. In September
Page 178 and 179:
occasionally turned up with deep sc
Page 180 and 181:
5. To demand that the CPSU reorgani
Page 182 and 183:
K'uan, Cheng Ch'ao-lin, Kao Yu-han,
Page 184 and 185:
Trotskyites who had not been arrest
Page 186 and 187:
of inquiry. In the heavy crossfire
Page 188 and 189:
eighty to ninety Trotskyite student
Page 190 and 191:
and alert. The prisoner, still brac
Page 192 and 193:
There was also, of course, a good d
Page 194 and 195:
The sages and idiots, after a thous
Page 196 and 197:
1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprisings
Page 198 and 199:
delegates to the Fifth Congress of
Page 200 and 201:
gotten, but they probably were not
Page 202 and 203:
uilding. Upon our arrival there, we
Page 204 and 205:
torians have experienced problems a
Page 206 and 207:
unanimously elected executive gener
Page 208 and 209:
NIKOLAI BUKHARIN AND OTHER RUSSIANS
Page 210 and 211:
can be converted into paddy fields,
Page 212 and 213:
secretary general. Kuan had been a
Page 214 and 215:
away, and we relaxed, feeling exhau
Page 216 and 217:
Chapter XV The Struggle Against the
Page 218 and 219:
elaborate celebration than ever bef
Page 220 and 221:
the bureau of the Party branch. And
Page 222 and 223:
ever, was short-lived. The Second L
Page 224 and 225:
conspicuous. 3 They criticized the
Page 226 and 227:
worker and peasant students. Althou
Page 228 and 229:
oughly 5 percent of the approximate
Page 230 and 231:
was located, one of twenty-six admi
Page 232 and 233:
and then asked me to interpret what
Page 234 and 235:
as long as the situation permitted.
Page 236 and 237:
worried the 28 Bolsheviks. For she
Page 238 and 239:
learned years later when I met seve
Page 240 and 241:
truly remarkable that the Chinese C
Page 242 and 243:
liminary Successes in One or More P
Page 244 and 245:
line, so at the session and for a t
Page 246 and 247:
I remained in Moscow. I was assigne
Page 248 and 249:
special personnel arrangements that
Page 250 and 251:
Chapter XVII The 28 Bolsheviks and
Page 252 and 253:
Provincial Committee, was short-liv
Page 254 and 255:
ack in Hong Kong, the British immed
Page 256 and 257:
capitulated to the KMT authorities,
Page 258 and 259:
next time, Li Chin-yung, who was di
Page 260 and 261:
Kiangsi Province and at Mao Tse-tun
Page 262 and 263:
in early 1933, Ch'in Pang-hsien and
Page 264 and 265:
eceived from Jui-chin. 14 Upon rece
Page 266 and 267:
as follows: (1) The Central Soviet
Page 268 and 269:
Chang Wen-t'ien, a man of literary
Page 270 and 271:
trends in the united front and expo
Page 272 and 273:
sought to destroy in the 1960s, but
Page 274 and 275:
Index In addition to abbreviations
Page 276 and 277:
discrimination, racial, 32-33 "Do y
Page 278 and 279:
for leadership of CCP, 237-261; sei
Page 280 and 281:
at, 90-95; Student Commune, 92; "co
show all

Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and the Chinese Revolution - KU ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?