Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow and the Chinese Revolution - KU ...

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conspicuous. 3 They criticized the bureau of the Party branch in the same destructive tones that other followers of the Second Line used. The struggle against the Second Line, indeed, revealed in all its stark gravity the lacerating divisions within Sun Yat-sen University in the late autumn of 1928. The bureau of the Party branch simply could not tolerate loss of control over the bureau of the CYC branch in the university. In the first place, the state of affairs ran counter to the basic organizational principle that was supposed to govern the relationship between the Party and the CYC. The CYC, as an auxiliary Party organization, was supposed to act only in accordance with Party decisions. In the second place, the Hsi-men-Kao clique in the bureau of the CYC branch, because of sympathy for Trotskyism, was held responsible for the high percentage of Trotskyites among the CYC members at the university. In a general Party meeting of the university held in the autumn of 1928, I made a major speech criticizing the Hsi-men-Kao clique. I characterized its course as "vanguardism," because its defiance of Party leadership had been demonstrated by its insistence that the line of the bureau of the Party branch be reversed. After that, they were known as "Vanguardists," and they became an important component of the Second Line coalition. It was to weaken this Second Line coalition that the university authorities, upon the recommendation of the bureau of the Party branch, began in October, 1928, to send the most troublesome members of the Second Line coalition to Siberia, where they worked at hard labor. Kao Ch'en-lieh, Lin Ch'i-t'o, and others were among those sent to Siberia. Others, such as Hsi-men Tsung-hua, were sent back to China the following year. 4 THE "WORKER OPPOSITIONISTS" As PART OF THE SECOND LINE COALITION The Worker Opposition faction, headed by Li Chien-ju and Yu Tu-san, constituted the main force of the Second Line coalition. It could be said that the Li-Yu faction supplied the manpower for the battle. Those who made up the faction were of working-class origin and came from Wuhan and Shanghai. Li Chien-ju, for example, was a much-honored hero of the three workers' uprisings in Shanghai in 1926 and 1927. Yu Tu-san had been an important activist in the Wuhan workers' movement. As illiterates, both linguistically and politically, 213
they could not have played a significant role in the struggle at the university if others had not directed them from behind the scenes. There were, in fact, all sorts of people functioning behind the scenes, such as Ch'u Ch'iu-pai and Yu Fei, who had been a tram conductor in Shanghai and who at the time was a member of the CC of the CCP and a member of the Chinese delegation to the Comintern. Yu Hsiusung, Tung Yi-hsiang, and Ku Ku-yi, all three from the former Academic Affairs faction, and Li Pen-yi and others from the group that had initiated the Second Line in the first place were active behind the scenes, too. All of these people played upon the discontent of the Li Chien-ju-Yu Tu-san faction with the university's academic policies, and they goaded them into opposing the bureau of the Party branch and the so-called 28 Bolsheviks. Hiding behind the impeccable mantle of the Chinese workers' movement, they were able to place the bureau of the Party branch and the university authorities in a highly uncomfortable position. Why were some of the worker-students in the university dissatisfied with the university and Party administrations? It happened in this way: Prior to 1928, intellectuals had made up a majority of the student body at Sun Yat-sen University. During 1928, however, the number of students with worker and peasant backgrounds increased rapidly and suddenly. And the university administration was hard pressed to shift its educational machinery—which was primarily geared to the education of intellectuals—to the education of generally illiterate workers and peasants. Many new faculty members and courses had to be added. A course in the Chinese language, for example, was added to try to bring literacy to the illiterate students. Also, instead of studying Marxism-Leninism as we had studied it, a course called "The Common Sense of Politics" had to be introduced for these newcomers, who simply could not cope with more sophisticated matters. Although the university was quite willing to provide courses that the newcomers needed, the administration also regarded its task of converting such students into polished proletarian leaders as an altogether impossible one. Consequently, the university pressed ahead as energetically as ever with intensive education of the intellectuals, especially in advanced areas of theoretical and technical work. It was this dichotomy in educational approach that led to the charge of discrimination by some of the 214
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Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
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Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow an
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COPYRIGHT © 1971 CENTER FOR EAST A
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University in Moscow and of the 28
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of whom I was one. My memory, as is
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Contents Foreword v Preface vii Abb
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Introduction Dr. Sun Yat-sen was bo
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enough names to indicate that these
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Yat-sen University enrolled non-Com
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To Lenin, Dr. Sun Yat-sen represent
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momentum. This influence reached it
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gone to Russia to study at KUTV, in
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is approaching when the Soviet Unio
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University in Moscow in the same ye
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egistering for the examinations. Th
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Chapter II The Pilgrimage to Red Me
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Russian for about four or five mont
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Province. But I shall suppress my i
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While the Soviet Union was generall
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the stowage area because the very f
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nights on the train. We finally arr
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the Trade Union Building in Novembe
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large number of Trotskyite professo
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utterfly. At times he hung his head
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ector was filled by a very handsome
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of the university in the summer of
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Chapter IV The Internal Organizatio
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Rector Radek of Sun Yat-sen Univers
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world our denouncement of the consp
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arranged the secret nighttime arres
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planning even more and forced an ex
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foreign currency. Therefore, the Ru
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Sinologists. Another famed Russian
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addition to employing most of the y
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theoretical thinking of the members
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14. I have had an opportunity to ex
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tionary Movements. The reason for t
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nevertheless cannot deny that "Geog
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of a Russian-language work entitled
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up to the seventh class, which also
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instructor in the Soviet Party Scho
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With this special attention these "
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I was honored to teach the politica
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In all, there were four professors
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However, we might as well have been
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usually ran around two hours, and t
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dragged on and on, and finally the
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From the above, one can see that th
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Chapter VI Room, Board, and Recreat
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Let us now turn to housing at Sun Y
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When famous operas were staged in M
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staying temporarily in Russia we di
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excellent meals, I knew that our pr
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passed a resolution to cooperate wi
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The actual theoretical struggle bet
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time, he had to be careful not to a
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pai, who had attended the Congress
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ticular. At this crucial juncture i
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Chapter VIII Rule of the Moscow Bra
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5. Destroy unity based on sentiment
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students and the entire petty bourg
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were, after all, human beings and n
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she said, should be based on trust
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eturn to China. In addition, they w
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Kai-shek, and the other to the work
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for example, Stalin had insisted th
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us the new title, "Chiang Kai-shek,
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committee simply had not expected t
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throw his lot in with the Communist
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Surely it was on this point that th
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ers whose sympathies lay with Trots
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Chapter X Feng Yu-hsiang—Honorary
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of thirty people, which included Yu
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Province, as did Feng. It seems app
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in the province, Chinese Communists
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to help him fight the Wuhan governm
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However, their plans were destined
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Hu Han-min was an especially import
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Russian scholars. He also received
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discussions was the relationship be
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youngsters who had stood for hours
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Russia as well as among us students
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tionary movement developed rapidly.
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to make it known that they were see
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ecause of a desire to chat with his
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students to edit and translate it i
Page 174 and 175: many people at Sun Yat-sen Universi
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Page 178 and 179: occasionally turned up with deep sc
Page 180 and 181: 5. To demand that the CPSU reorgani
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Page 184 and 185: Trotskyites who had not been arrest
Page 186 and 187: of inquiry. In the heavy crossfire
Page 188 and 189: eighty to ninety Trotskyite student
Page 190 and 191: and alert. The prisoner, still brac
Page 192 and 193: There was also, of course, a good d
Page 194 and 195: The sages and idiots, after a thous
Page 196 and 197: 1927, the Autumn Harvest Uprisings
Page 198 and 199: delegates to the Fifth Congress of
Page 200 and 201: gotten, but they probably were not
Page 202 and 203: uilding. Upon our arrival there, we
Page 204 and 205: torians have experienced problems a
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Page 208 and 209: NIKOLAI BUKHARIN AND OTHER RUSSIANS
Page 210 and 211: can be converted into paddy fields,
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Page 214 and 215: away, and we relaxed, feeling exhau
Page 216 and 217: Chapter XV The Struggle Against the
Page 218 and 219: elaborate celebration than ever bef
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Page 222 and 223: ever, was short-lived. The Second L
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Page 230 and 231: was located, one of twenty-six admi
Page 232 and 233: and then asked me to interpret what
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Page 236 and 237: worried the 28 Bolsheviks. For she
Page 238 and 239: learned years later when I met seve
Page 240 and 241: truly remarkable that the Chinese C
Page 242 and 243: liminary Successes in One or More P
Page 244 and 245: line, so at the session and for a t
Page 246 and 247: I remained in Moscow. I was assigne
Page 248 and 249: special personnel arrangements that
Page 250 and 251: Chapter XVII The 28 Bolsheviks and
Page 252 and 253: Provincial Committee, was short-liv
Page 254 and 255: ack in Hong Kong, the British immed
Page 256 and 257: capitulated to the KMT authorities,
Page 258 and 259: next time, Li Chin-yung, who was di
Page 260 and 261: Kiangsi Province and at Mao Tse-tun
Page 262 and 263: in early 1933, Ch'in Pang-hsien and
Page 264 and 265: eceived from Jui-chin. 14 Upon rece
Page 266 and 267: as follows: (1) The Central Soviet
Page 268 and 269: Chang Wen-t'ien, a man of literary
Page 270 and 271: trends in the united front and expo
Page 272 and 273: sought to destroy in the 1960s, but
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Index In addition to abbreviations
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discrimination, racial, 32-33 "Do y
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for leadership of CCP, 237-261; sei
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at, 90-95; Student Commune, 92; "co
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