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VI. Three Various Hearts of Men
Book IX
I. Delirium
II. Humpbacked, One-Eyed, Lame
III. Deaf
IV. Earthenware and Crystal
V. The Key of the Porte Rouge
VI. Sequel to the Key of the Porte Rouge
Book X
I. Gringoire Has Several Bright Ideas in Succession in the Rue des Bernardins
II. Turn Vagabond
III. Vive la Joie!
IV. An Awkward Friend
V. The Closet Where Monsieur Louis of France Recites His Orisons
VI. The Pass-Word
VII. Châteaupers to the Rescue
Book XI
I. The Little Shoe
II. La Creatura Bella Bianco Vestita—Dante
III. The Marriage of Phœbus
IV. The Marriage of Quasimodo
Appendix
Biographical Note
VICTOR MARIE HUGO, the most dominating figure in French literature in the nineteenth century, was
born at Besançon on February 26, 1802. His father was a general under Napoleon, and the demands of
the military life kept the family wandering through the poet’s childhood. After three years in Corsica,
two in Paris, and some time in southern Italy, Hugo began his school days in Spain, whence he was
driven with his parents by Wellington in 1812. His education, never very thorough, was continued at
Paris; and by the age of seventeen he had entered on the profession of letters. His first publication of note
was a volume of “Odes” issued when he was twenty, and written under the influence of the classical
school; and it was followed a year later by his first novel “Han d’Islande,” the story of a Norse robber.
The romantic movement was now well under way in France, and Hugo stepped into the leadership of it
by his second volume of “Odes” (1826) and by his drama of “Cromwell” (1827). The preface to this play
formed the manifesto of French romanticism. The publication of his poems on eastern themes,
“Orientales,” and the triumphant production of his play “Hernani” in 1829 confirmed him in the first
place in the new school. The years from 1831 to 1841 were filled with writings which continually raised
his reputation, until he reached the French Academy at the age of thirty-nine. In poetry the chief works