Comparative Parasitology 67(1) 2000 - Peru State College

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Comp. Parasitol. 67(1), 2000 pp. 60-65 Angiostoma onychodactyla sp. n. (Nematoda: Angiostoniatidae) and Other Intestinal Helminths of the Japanese Clawed Salamander, Onychodactylus japonicus (Caudata: Hynobiidae), from Japan CHARLES R. BURSEY u AND STEPHEN R. GOLDBERG2 1 Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, 147 Shenango Avenue, Sharon, Pennsylvania 16146, U.S.A. (e-mail: cxbl3@psu.edu) and 2 Department of Biology, Whittier College, Whittier, California 90608, U.S.A. (e-mail: sgoldberg@mail.whittier.edu) ABSTRACT: Angiostoma onychodactyla sp. n. from the intestines of the Japanese clawed salamander, Onychodactylus japonicus, is described and illustrated. Angiostoma onychodactyla is most similar to Angiostoma plethodontis in that lateral alae are absent, and there is a bulb without valves. The major difference between these 2 species is in the number and position of the caudal papillae. In addition, this sample of O. japonicus harbored 3 species of trematodes, Cephalouterina leoi, Mesocoelium brevicaecum, and Pseudopolystoma dendriticiun, 1 species of nematode, Parapharyngodon japonicus, and 1 acanthocephalan species (cystacanth stage). KEY WORDS: Angiostoma onychodactyla sp. n., Angiostoniatidae, Japanese clawed salamander, Onychodactylus japonicus, Hynobiidae, Japan. Onychodactylus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782), the Japanese clawed salamander, is restricted to forested mountainous areas of Honshu and Shikoku Islands, Japan (Kuzmin, 1995). Previously reported helminths of Onychodactylus japonicus include the monogenetic trematode Pseudopolystoma dendriticum (Ozaki, 1948), the digenetic trematodes Cephalouterina leoi Uchida, Uchida, and Kamei, 1986, and Mesocoelium brevicaecum Ochi, 1930, the cestode Cylindrotaenia sp. (=Baerietta sp., larvae only), and the nematodes Amphibiocapillaria tritonispunctati (Diesing, 1851) ( = Capillaria filiformis (Linstow, 1881)), Parapharyngodon japonicus Bursey and Goldberg, 1999; Pseudoxyascaris japonicus Uchida and Itagaki, 1979, Pharyngodon sp., and Rhabditis sp. (Wilkie, 1930; Pearse, 1932; Ozaki, 1948; Uchida and Itagaki, 1979; Uchida et al., 1986; Bursey and Goldberg, 1999). Further study of the sample of Onychodactylus japonicus examined by Bursey and Goldberg (1999) revealed 43 females and 17 males of an undescribed species of Angiostoma. To our knowledge, there are no reports of species of Angiostoma from Japanese salamanders, although Wilkie (1930) reported unidentified rhabditids from Hynobius retardatus Dunn, 1923, the Hokkaido salamander, and O. japonicus collected in Yumoto, Fukushima Prefecture. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new species -1 Corresponding author. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington 60 of nematode, Angiostoma onychodactyla, from the salamander Onychodactylus japonicus from Japan and to provide a current parasite list for this host. Material and Methods Sixty-eight Onychodactylus japonicus were examined (collection data given in Bursey and Goldberg, 1999). All had been captured by hand and fixed in neutral buffered 10% formalin, then preserved in 70% alcohol. The body cavity was opened by a longitudinal incision from vent to throat, and the gastrointestinal tract was removed and opened longitudinally. Nematodes were placed in undiluted glycerol, allowed to clear, and examined under a light microscope. Trematodes were stained in hematoxylin and mounted in balsam for study. Measurements are given in micrometers. Results In addition to the previously described Parapharyngodon japonicus and Angiostoma onychodactyla described below, 3 species of trematodes (Cephalouterina leoi, Mesocoelium brevicaecum, Pseudopolystoma dendriticum) and 1 species of acanthocephalan (unidentified cystacanth) were also found. Forty (59%) of 68 salamanders were infected with helminths. Prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance for each helminth species are presented in Table 1. Angiostoma onychodactyla sp. n. (Figs. 1-9) Description GENERAL: Transparent nematodes lacking lateral alae. Cuticle thin, nonstriated. Sexual di-
BURSEY AND GOLDBERG~-/l/VG7aSTOAM ONYCHODACTYLA SP. N. 61 Table 1. Prevalence, intensity, and abundance of helminths collected from 68 Onychodactylus japonicus. Helminth Trematoda Cephnlouterina leoi Mesocoelium brc vicaecum Pseudopolystoma dendriticum Nematoda Angiostoma onychodactyla sp. n. Parapharyngodon japonicus Acanthocephala Unidentified cystacanlhs* * New host record. Prevalence Mean Mean (%) intensity ± SD abundance ± SD Site 3 5 1 24 38 morphism not prominent. Oral opening with 3 lips. Esophagus with corpus, isthmus, and pseudobulb, nerve ring at level of anterior isthmus. Excretory pore anterior to the esophagointestinal junction. MALE (holotype and 9 paratypes; mean and range): Length 3.36 (2.60-3.90) mm. Maximum width 103 (89-128). Buccal cavity 9 (6- 11) deep. Length of esophagus 297 (251-319), corpus 160 (145-175), isthmus 76 (66-88), bulb 60 (55-68). Nerve ring 192 (188-285) and excretory pore 236 (188-285) from anterior end. Spicules equal, 128 (120-143), well chitinized, arcuate. Gubernaculum well chitinized, 44 (37— 48). Testis single and reflexed. Caudal alae welldeveloped, supported by 8 pairs of postcloacal pedunculate papillae that do not reach the ala edge. Tail spike extends approximately 20 beyond bursa. Subventral cloacal sensilla absent. Phasmids lateral, immediately posterior to terminal pair of postcloacal papillae. FEMALE (allotype and 9 paratypes; mean and range): Length 4.21 (3.25-5.07) mm. Width at level of vulva 117 (89-153). Buccal cavity 9 (6- 11) deep. Esophagus 301 (274-342), corpus 162 (149-170), isthmus 78 (68-86), bulb 60 (57- 63). Nerve ring 202 (171-274), excretory pore 228 (200-268) from anterior end, respectively. Vulva 2.06 (1.53-2.40) mm from anterior end, slightly pre-equatorial. Tail elongated, 189 (171- 239). Amphidelphic; uteri divergent; anterior uterus directed anteriorly, posterior uterus directed posteriorly; ovaries reflexed. Uteri containing numerous elliptical eggs, 56 (51—58) X 48 (46-57), larvae absent. Taxonomic Summary TYPE HOST: Onychodactylus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782), Japanese clawed salamander. 1 1 0.03 ± 0.17 5.0 ± 2.0 0.22 ± 1.09 1 0.02 ±0.12 3.8 ± 3.8 0.88 ± 2.41 4.8 ± 5.6 1.82 ± 4.13 1 0.02 ± 0.12 Small intestine Small intestine Bladder Small intestine Large intestine Coelom TYPE LOCALITY: Hineomata, Fukushima Prefecture, Honshu, Japan, 37°01'N, 139°23'E. SITE OF INFECTION: Small intestine. TYPE SPECIMENS: Holotype: male, United States National Parasite Collection (USNPC), Beltsville, Maryland, USNPC 88645; allotype, female, USNPC 88646; paratypes (9 males, 9 females) USNPC 88647. ETYMOLOGY: The new species is named in reference to the genus of the host. Remarks The genus Angiostoma now consists of 10 species in the monogeneric family Angiostomatidae (order Rhabditida); 8 species infect terrestrial gastropods and 2 species are from salamanders. The type species, Angiostoma limacis Dujardin, 1845, has been collected from arionid gastropods in western Europe (Morand and Spiridonov, 1989). Six additional species are known from terrestrial gastropods in the Palaearctic Realm: Angiostoma asamati Spiridonov, 1985, from a gigantolimacid (Spiridonov, 1985); Angiostoma aspersae Morand, 1986, from helicids (Morand, 1986); Angiostoma dentifera (Mengert, 1953) from limacids (Morand and Spiridonov, 1989); Angiostoma kimmeriensis Korol and Spiridonov, 1991, from a zonitid (Korol and Spiridonov, 1991); Angiostoma spiridonovi Morand, 1992, and Angiostoma stamrneri (Mengert, 1953) from limacids (Mengert, 1953; Morand, 1992). Angiostoma schizoglossae Morand and Barker, 1995, was described from a specimen taken from a rhytidid gastropod endemic to New Zealand, Australian Realm (Morand and Barker, 1995). Angiostoma plethodontis Chitwood, 1933, was described from the northern redback salamander, Plethodon cine re us (Green, Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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January 2000 Number 1 Comparative P
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(1). 2000 pp. 1-
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children. This means, to most of th
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liese, 1995; Marcogliese and Cone,
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ural and human alterations of ecosy
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Page 65 and 66: Table 2. Parasite list for Onychoda
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Table 1. Extended. Ctenophorus reti
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Table 2. Extended. 3 '£ Oswaldofil
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Mediorhynchus orientalis Belopol'sk
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4-5 spines each: 25.0-35.0 (31.4).
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Table 1. Previous helminth records
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hyrae from a collection of lizards.
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WEST ET AL.—RESEARCH NOTES 123 Ta
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1987, and from these only a sample
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snakes are part of their diet. The
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(1), 2000 pp. 12
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Table 2. Published records of helmi
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, , B. K. Sullivan, and Q. A. Truon
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were larvae. Still, we have conclud
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and their habitats. These low paras
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e eligible for election to office.
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New business. Presentation of notes
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Name: MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 143 AP
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*Edna M. Buhrer *Mildred A. Doss *A
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