Comparative Parasitology 67(1) 2000 - Peru State College

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70 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 67(1), JANUARY 2000 classification des Nematodes Trichostrongyloidea. Gibbons, L., and V. Kumar. 1980. Boreostrongylus Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee romerolagi n.sp. (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) 56:297-312. from a Mexican volcano rabbit, Romerolagus dia- , and . 1993. Note sur la Nomenclature zi. Systematic Parasitology 1:117-122. des Strongylida au-dessus du groupe famille. An- Travassos, L. 1937. Revisao da famflia Trichostronnales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee 68: gylidae Leiper, 1912. Monographias do Institute 111-112. Oswaldo Cruz 1:1-512. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
Comp. Parasitol. 67(1), 2000 pp. 71-75 An Unusual Case of Anisakiasis in California, U.S.A. OMAR M. AMIN,M WILLIAM S. EiDELMAN,2 WILLIAM DoMKE,3 JONATHAN BAILEY,3 AND GEOFFREY PFEiFER2 1 Institute of Parasitic Diseases, P. O. Box 28372, Tempe, Arizona 85285-8372, and Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1501, U.S.A. (e-mail: omaramin@aol.com), 2 The Natural Medicine Center, 1434 East Ojai Avenue, Ojai, California 93023, U.S.A. and 3 634V2 Rose Avenue, Venice, California 90291, U.S.A. (e-mail: colonichydrotherapy@USA.NET) ABSTRACT. In the first case of its kind, anisakiasis is documented in a 44-yr-old California male whose neck was penetrated transesophageally by 1 third-stage larva of Pseudoterranova decipiens. The larva subsequently emerged from the neck region through an ulcerating sore. The larva showed some evidence of development and is described. The clinical history of the patient is reviewed. The patient subsequently died of causes unrelated to the anisakiasis infection. KEY WORDS: anisakiasis, Pseudoterranova decipiens, third-stage larva, human infection, morphology, case history, California, U.S.A. Of the many genera of ascaroid (Anisakidae) nematodes causing anisakiasis in vertebrates (Myers, 1975), only 2 species cause human infections in North America (McKerrow and Deardorff, 1988; U.S. Food and Drug Administration/Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition [FDA/CFSAN], 1992). The cod worm, Pseudoterranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878) Gibson and Colin, 1981, infects marine mammals, most importantly seals, in the North Atlantic and North and South Pacific; the herring worm, Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Baylis, 1920, infects marine mammals, particularly whales in the eastern Pacific and elsewhere in the world (see Myers [1959, 1975] and Gibson [1983] for synonymies). Despite the high incidence of worms of the genus Anisakis in fishes (Myers, 1979) and whales in the western Pacific, human cases in North America involving larvae of Anisakis are rare. The higher incidence of human infection with larvae of the genus Pseudoterranova (Lichtenfels and Brancato, 1976; Kliks, 1983), particularly in the northern Atlantic coast, appears to be related to the large seal populations there (Myers, 1976). Two patterns of disease describe the clinical symptomology of anisakiasis in North America. The asymptomatic luminal condition described for larvae of Pseudoterranova does not involve tissue penetration, and worms are expelled by coughing, vomiting, or defecating. In infections with larvae of Anisakis, however, penetration of Corresponding author. 71 the gut wall is reported by many observers (Kates et al., 1973; Lichtenfels and Brancato, 1976; Myers, 1976; Margolis, 1977; Ishikura et al., 1993). These cases are easily misdiagnosed as appendicitis, Crohn's disease, gastric ulcer, or gastrointestinal cancer (McKerrow and Deardorff, 1988; FDA/CFSAN, 1992; Alonso et al., 1997). Documentation of our present case, however, demonstrates that larvae of Pseudoterranova can be as invasive as has traditionally been described in infections with Anisakis in Holland and Japan (Oshima, 1972, 1987; Yoshimura et al., 1979; Ishikura et al., 1993). In North America, the public health impact of anisakiasis is limited to consumers of such foods as sushi and sashimi. Approximately 50 cases were documented in the United States up to 1988, and fewer than 10 cases have been documented annually (FDA/CFSAN, 1992) since the first North American cases in the United States were documented in the early 1970's (Little and Most, 1973; Pinkus et al., 1975). The first confirmed human case of anisakiasis was reported in Holland in 1960 (Van Theil et al., 1960), and Holland remains the most important anisakiasis-endemic region of the world. By 1990, 292 of the 559 European cases were reported in Holland, whereas 12,586 cases were reported in Japan. The Japanese cases included 11,629 gastric, 567 intestinal, and 45 extragastrointestinal cases of infection by Anisakis and only 335 cases of gastric infection by Pseudoterranova (Ishikura et al., 1993). This report documents worm morphology and the clinical Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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January 2000 Number 1 Comparative P
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(1). 2000 pp. 1-
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children. This means, to most of th
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liese, 1995; Marcogliese and Cone,
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ural and human alterations of ecosy
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ternationally and locally; (2) be i
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justify the inclusion of parasites
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phy to understand faunal structure
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Eucestoda) coincided with the diver
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(Hoberg et al., 2000). These studie
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Page 23 and 24: Clayton, D. H., and B. A. Walther.
Page 25 and 26: ham. 1996. Combining data in phylog
Page 27 and 28: schistosomes. Journal of Parasitolo
Page 29 and 30: MARCOGLIESE ET AL.—DIPLOSTOMUM SP
Page 31 and 32: MARCOGLIESE HT f^L.—DIPLOSTOMUM S
Page 33 and 34: MARCOGLIESE ET AL.—DIPLOSTOMUM SP
Page 35 and 36: (Latreille, 1804) Brandt and Ratzeb
Page 37 and 38: COADY AND N]CKOL—PLAGIORHYNCHUS C
Page 39 and 40: COADY AND NICKOL—PLAGIORHYNCHUS C
Page 41 and 42: Threlfall, W. 1965. Helminth parasi
Page 43 and 44: strictive traits that were basicall
Page 45 and 46: Cement gland usually small with few
Page 47 and 48: AMIN ET AL.—REVISION OF THE GENUS
Page 49 and 50: AMIN ET AL.—REVISION OF THE GENUS
Page 51 and 52: 17. Trunk spines appearing continuo
Page 53 and 54: Comp. Parasitol. 67(1), 2000 pp. 51
Page 55 and 56: SMALES—POPOVASTRONGYLUS FROM MARS
Page 57 and 58: tion in a circular buccal capsule.
Page 59 and 60: strongylus pluteus differs from P.
Page 61 and 62: garoo from Kangaroo Island (Smales
Page 63 and 64: BURSEY AND GOLDBERG~-/l/VG7aSTOAM O
Page 65 and 66: Table 2. Parasite list for Onychoda
Page 67 and 68: phibian helminths in Japan. VI. Pse
Page 69 and 70: quadrant and 70° in male, 75° in
Page 71: increase in the number of cuticular
Page 75 and 76: Figures 1-3. Pseudoterranova decipi
Page 77 and 78: AMIN ET M^.—PSEUDOTERRANOVA IN MA
Page 79 and 80: the gill baskets of some hosts were
Page 81 and 82: KRITSKY ET AL.—DACTYLOGYRIDS FROM
Page 83 and 84: er, and Boeger, 1986, and Amphoclei
Page 85 and 86: 1974); P. laticeps Eigenmann, Lagun
Page 89 and 90: MENDOZA-FRANCO ET SCIADICLEITHRUM F
Page 91 and 92: MENDOZA-FRANCO ET AL.—SCIADICLEIT
Page 93 and 94: MENDOZA-FRANCO ET M^.—SCIADICLEIT
Page 95 and 96: PEREZ-PONCE DE LEON ET AL.—DIGENE
Page 103 and 104: Table 2. Continued. Locality* (CNHE
Page 105 and 106: Table 2. Continued. Locality (CNHE
Page 107 and 108: casionally prey on tadpoles and ins
Page 113 and 114: Table 1. Extended. Ctenophorus reti
Page 115 and 116: Table 2. Extended. 3 '£ Oswaldofil
Page 117 and 118: Mediorhynchus orientalis Belopol'sk
Page 119 and 120: 4-5 spines each: 25.0-35.0 (31.4).
Page 121 and 122: Table 1. Previous helminth records
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hyrae from a collection of lizards.
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WEST ET AL.—RESEARCH NOTES 123 Ta
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1987, and from these only a sample
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snakes are part of their diet. The
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Comp. Parasitol. 67(1), 2000 pp. 12
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Table 2. Published records of helmi
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, , B. K. Sullivan, and Q. A. Truon
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were larvae. Still, we have conclud
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and their habitats. These low paras
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e eligible for election to office.
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New business. Presentation of notes
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Name: MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION 143 AP
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*Edna M. Buhrer *Mildred A. Doss *A
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