Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

More documents

Recommendations

Info

258 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 68(2), JULY 2001 lutuin was less severe than with the other 2 parasites, but damage to the intestinal villi was observed. The presence of eggs in the host's feces is used for diagnosis of echinostomiasis. The time of deposition of eggs in the feces will vary among species (Huffman and Fried, 1990). In this study, E. caproni eggs were first noted in the chick's feces on day 10 PI, followed by E. trivolvis eggs on day 12 PI, and eggs of E. revolutum were found on day 14 PI. Infectivity in the chicks varied between the different Echinostoma species in this study. Factors such as age, size of cyst inoculum, pretreatment of metacercarial cysts, and host-gut emptying time influence the infectivity of E. trivolvis in experimentally infected chicks (Fried et al., 1997). Huffman and Fried (1990) reported E. trivolvis to have infectivity varying between 50 and 69%. Fried (1984) reported 100% infectivity when preselected cysts were used. In this study, the E. trivolvis metacercariae administered to the chicks averaged 83% infectivity. Experimental infection with E. caproni cysts in this study resulted in 100% infectivity, agreeing with a previous study on this species conducted by Fried et al. (1988), which reported 97% infectivity. Echinostoma revolutum infectivity in this study (67%) is congruent with the report of Humphries et al. (1997) on the species in experimentally infected chicks (64%). Huffman and Fried (1990) summarized findings of average worm recoveries for E. trivolvis in experimentally infected chicks. These results varied between 6 and 21%. In this study, a mean of 15% of the flukes were recovered from chicks infected with E. trivolvis. Echinostoma caproni infections resulted in 24% worm recovery, concurring with the report by Fried et al. (1988) of 28% worm recovery. An average of 9% of the administered cysts were recovered as adult worms in the E. revolutum infections. This differed from the 32% worm recovery of E. revolutum reported by Humphries et al. (1997) and the 21 % worm recovery reported for the same species of Echinostoma in domestic chicks (Fried et al., 1997). Echinostoma trivolvis distribution along the intestine of the domestic chick varied in numerous past studies (Huffman and Fried, 1990). On day 14 PI of our study, E. trivolvis was found mainly in the lower intestine near the cloaca. Echinostoma revolutum also was seen in the Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington posterior aspect of the intestine, congruent with results by Humphries et al. (1997) and Fried et al. (1997). Echinostoma caproni was found more anteriad than the other echinostomes in this study, mainly clustered in the midthird of the intestine. Weight gain, spleen and liver weights, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin concentrations of the infected chicks compared with the controls were not affected by the presence of any of the echinostomes. As noted in previous studies, liver or spleen tissue damage did not occur. Huffman, Iglesias, and Fried (1986) noted increased pathology in golden hamsters infected with echinostomes and increased pathology when greater numbers of parasites infected the host. Infectivity in the present study was less compared with other studies. In the study by Fried and Wilson (1981), high worm burdens caused a decrease in chick weight. Changes in blood parameters and tissue damage (Huffman, Michos, and Fried, 1986) have been noted in rodent hosts infected with echinostomes. In conclusion, there are differences in the host—parasite relationships for each of the echinostomes used in this study. An understanding of these differences will contribute to better understanding the biosystematics of the 37-collarspined echinostome group. Some of these differences may help elucidate species distinctions when echinostomes are recovered from naturally infected hosts in both single and multiple infections. Literature Cited Fried, B. 1984. Infectivity, growth, and development of Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. Journal of Helminthology 58:241- 244. , R. A. Donovick, and S. Emili. 1988. Infectivity, growth, and development of Echinostoma liei (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. International Journal for Parasitology 18:413-414. , T. J. Mueller, and B. A. Frazer. 1997. Observations of Echinostoma revolutum and Echinostoma trivolvis in single and concurrent infections in domestic chicks. International Journal for Parasitology 27:1319-1322. -, and B. D. Wilson. 1981. Decrease in body weight of domestic chicks infected with Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda) or Zygocotyle lunata (Trematoda). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 48:97-98. Huffman, J. E., and B. Fried. 1990. Echinostoma and echinostomiasis. Advances in Parasitology 29: 215-269.
, D. Iglesias, and B. Fried. 1986. Echinostoma revolutum pathology of intestinal infections of the golden hamster. International Journal for Parasitology 18:873-874. -, C. Michos, and B. Fried. 1986. Clinical and pathological effects of Echinostoma trivolvis (Digenea: Echinostomatidae) in the golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Parasitology 93:505=515. Humphries, J. E., A. Reddy, and B. Fried. 1997. Infectivity and growth of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) in the domestic chick. International Journal for Parasitology 27:129-130. Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 259-261 Research Note RESEARCH NOTES 259 Kim, J., and B. Fried. 1989. Pathological effects of Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda) in the domestic chick. Journal of Helminthology 63:227-230. Kishore, N., and D. P. Sinha. 1982. Observations of Echinostoma revolutum infection in the rectum of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticiis). Agricultural Science Digest 2:57-60. Sorenson, R. E., I. Kanev, B. Fried, and D. Minchella. 1997. The occurrence and identification of Echinostoma revolutum from North American Lymnaea elodes snails. Journal of Parasitology 83: 169-170. Excystation and Distribution of Metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni in ICR Mice BERNARD FRIED,' ADITYA REDDY, AND CAROLINE D. BALFOUR Department of Biology, Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania 18042, U.S.A. (e-mail: friedb@lafayette.edu) ABSTRACT: In vivo excystation and distribution of newly excysted metacercariae of Echinostoma caproni Richard, 1964, were studied in 16 ICR mice, each fed 400 metacercarial cysts and necropsied at various intervals from 1 to 24 hr postinfection (p.i.). Excysted metacercariae were recovered from the stomach and intestine (duodenum and jejunum) at 1 hr p.i. In vivo excystation in this echinostome occurred in the stomach and the anterior part of the small intestine. Encysted metacercariae were recovered from the stomach, small intestine, and cecum-large intestine at 1 and 2 hr p.i. Recovery of encysted metacercariae was rare at 3 hr and nil at 4 and 24 hr. At 3, 4, and 24 hr, the encysted metacercariae had either excysted or were voided. Excysted metacercariae were widely scattered throughout the small intestine at all times, with about 75% located in segments 1, 2, and 3 (duodenal-jejunum zone) of the small intestine at 3, 4, and 24 hr p.i. KEY WORDS: trematodes, in vivo excystation, Echinostoma caproni, metacercariae, ICR mice. Although information is available (Fried and Emili, 1988; Fried, 1994; Ursone and Fried, 1995) on chemical excystation of metacercarial cysts of Echinostoma caproni Richard, 1964, there are no studies on in vivo excystation of this echinostome in mice. Metacercariae of most intestinal digeneans excyst in the vertebrate Corresponding author. small intestine, but details on in vivo excystation and the microhabitat where excystation occurs are poorly understood in the Digenea. Simonsen et al. (1989) stated that E. caproni metacercarial cysts excysted in the duodenum of the mouse and the newly excysted metacercariae migrated to the posterior third of the small intestine. However, Simonsen et al. did not do experimental studies on in vivo excystation of the metacercarial cyst. The purpose of this research was to examine in vivo excystation of E. caproni metacercariae at various times up to 24 hr postinfection (p.i.) and to determine the distribution of newly excysted metacercariae in ICR mice. The ICR mouse is widely used as a laboratory host for this echinostome (see review in Fried and Huffman, 1996). The only previous study that has reported distribution of preovigerous worms of E. caproni is that of Manger and Fried (1993), who showed that, by 2 days p.i., more than 90% of the juvenile worms were located in segment 3 posterior to the pylorus (equivalent to the jejunum) in the ICR mouse. Metacercarial cysts of E. caproni were removed from the pericardial cavity and kidney of experimentally infected Biomphalaria glabrata Say, 1818, snails and fed (400 cysts/mouse) via stomach tube to 16 6-8-wk old, outbred, female Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
Page 1 and 2:
Volume 68 July 2001 Number 2 Former
Page 3 and 4:
Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
Page 5 and 6:
CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF
Page 7 and 8:
length did not exceed 1.2 mm. By da
Page 9 and 10:
Agamidae) from Australia. Journal o
Page 11 and 12:
infection with O. javaensis (C. D.
Page 13 and 14:
CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
Page 15 and 16:
CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
Page 17 and 18:
and Font, 2001), the indication of
Page 19 and 20:
U.S.A. (42°59'N; 88°21'W). Ten to
Page 21 and 22:
Table 2. Prevalence (Pr) and Rana c
Page 23 and 24:
transmission dynamics of these 3 tr
Page 25 and 26:
196 in G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush, and
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
filariae of S. fallisensis was simi
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
CARRENO ET AL.—DEER PARASITES IN
Page 35 and 36:
ange of host species, but most coll
Page 37 and 38:
Oestridae). Canadian Journal of Zoo
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
JOY AND TUCKER—SALAMANDER PARASIT
Page 43 and 44:
south-central New York salamanders.
Page 45 and 46:
AGUIRRE-MACEDO ET AL.—ENDOHELMINT
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Table 1. Helminths found in freshwa
Page 53 and 54:
•o d c o U rH CB 3 C8 H °Q 0 W T
Page 55 and 56:
da-Lopez et al., 1985; Leon, 1992;
Page 57 and 58:
especie del genero Goezici Zeder, 1
Page 59 and 60:
JALISCO SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—
Page 61 and 62: SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—HELMINTH
Page 63 and 64: Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
Page 71 and 72: tudio helmintologico de Chirostoma
Page 73 and 74: Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 2
Page 75 and 76: CURRAN ET AL.—TWO VIETNAMESE SNAK
Page 77 and 78: methods of fixation had not been kn
Page 79 and 80: tion) but were in independent later
Page 81 and 82: tylidae Poche: Part 2. A contributi
Page 83 and 84: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 85 and 86: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABD1AS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 87 and 88: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 89 and 90: Literature Cited Baker, M. R. 1978.
Page 91 and 92: Figure 1. Spores of Myxobolus gibbo
Page 93 and 94: CONE—DIAGNOSIS OF MYXOBOLUS 239 F
Page 95 and 96: Literature Cited Cone, D. K., and R
Page 97 and 98: G1BLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
Page 99 and 100: - GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR C
Page 101 and 102: GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
Page 105 and 106: PAOLA AND DAMBORENEA—TEGUMENT OF
Page 111: RESEARCH NOTES 257 Table 1. Mean wo
Page 115 and 116: most being found in segment 4 (jeju
Page 117 and 118: RESEARCH NOTES 263 Table 1. Helmint
Page 121 and 122: RESEARCH NOTES 267 Table 1. Numbers
Page 123 and 124: Kharchenko, V. A., G. M. Dvojnos, a
Page 125 and 126: id s „ ~ 55 **5 | «§ u ' *^ U
Page 127 and 128: (Nematoda). Except for H. tursionis
Page 129 and 130: RESEARCH NOTES 275 Figure 1. Cephal
Page 133 and 134: c Tj ;^ fn in ON o m ON "3 s ON gcd
Page 135 and 136: ticeps (Rudolphi, 1819), which also
Page 139 and 140: Nieto reviewed recent advances in t
Page 141 and 142: Adenomera hylaedactyla, 21 Algansea
Page 143 and 144: Honorary Membership, 282 Life Membe
Page 145 and 146: Schrankiana larvata, 21 Schrankiana
Page 147 and 148: *Edna M. Buhrer "Mildred A. Doss *
show all

Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?