Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

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264 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 68(2), JULY 2001 was recovered from the rats collected in the paddy and hilly areas but not from those in the residential area. The differences in species composition and prevalence among the habitats could be explained by the biological characters of each helminth and by the environmental conditions. Because members of Notocotylus require a freshwater snail as the intermediate host (cf. Yamaguti, 1975), their presence in the paddy fields is reasonable. The hilly area surveyed in the present study contained many small ponds that might provide habitats for the snails. Also not unexpected is that G. neoplasticum and M. moniliformis were found only in the rats captured around the houses, because their intermediate hosts, usually cockroaches, are abundant in the residential areas. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Strongyloides spp. require moist soil for their embryonic and larval development and transmission. Their low prevalence or absence in the residential areas seems to be due to the dried soil around the houses in that season. Syphacia muris, the only helminth with relatively stable prevalence among the habitats, has a quite simple life cycle passed nearly entirely within the body of the host, and hence, its prevalence is less affected by the external environment. We are deeply indebted to Dr. G. G. Musser, American Museum of Natural History, for his kindness in identifying the rat species and to Dr. S. Kamegai, Meguro Parasitological Museum, for his kind consultation on Notocotylus sp. Literature Cited Durette-Desset, M. C. 1970. Caracteres primitifs de certains Nematodes Heligmosomes parasites de Murides et de Cricetides orientaux. Definition
Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 265-269 Research Note RESEARCH NOTES 265 Nematodes of the Tribe Cyathostominea (Strongylidae) Collected from Horses in Scotland J. RALPH LlCHTENFELS,1'5 AlOBHINN MCDONNELL,2 SANDY LOVE,3 AND JACQUELINE B. MATTHEWS4 1 Biosystematics Unit, Parasite Biology, Epidemiology, and Systematics Laboratory, The Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2350, U.S.A. (rlichten@anri.barc.usda.gov), 2 Department of Veterinary Parasitology, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom, 3 Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden Road, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom (S.Love@vet.gla.ac.uk), and 4 Division of Equine Studies, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science and Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst CH64 7TE, United Kingdom (J.B.Matthews@liv.ac.uk) ABSTRACT: Nematodes of the tribe Cyathostominea are important parasites of horses. They live in large numbers in the large intestine and include over 50 species worldwide. This report describes an enumeration study of species found in a small population of horses in western Scotland. As found previously in a wide range of geographic regions, the 7 most abundant species of Cyathostominea, of the 18 recorded in this study, accounted for over 94% of the total population. One major exception to the results of previous studies was the presence of the most common species in this population, Cylicocyclus ashworthi. This species has not been recorded in the U.K. since its original description in 1924 and is morphologically very similar to another member of the same genus, Cylicocyclus nassatus, from which it has not been distinguished in previous studies in this geographical region. A rare species, Tridentoinfundibulum gobi, was found in low numbers in 3 of 4 horses. KEY WORDS: Nematoda, Cyathostominea, species survey, prevalence, intensity, horses, morphological identification, Scotland. Nematodes of the tribe Cyathostominea are the most common helminth parasites of the horse and are ubiquitous in all breeds. Members of the tribe Cyathostominea (Strongylidae) have been commonly referred to as small strongyles, cyathostomins (for the tribe), or cyathostomes (for the genus Cyathostomum Molin, 1861) (Hartwich, 1986). However, in order to avoid possible confusion with members of the nema- 5 Corresponding author. tode genus Cyathostoma Blanchard, 1849 (Syngamidae), which are sometimes referred to as cyathostomes, we will use the common name cyathostomins to refer to the 51 species included in the tribe Cyathostominea as listed by Lichtenfels et al. (1998). Infections with these nematodes are complex: 51 species of cyathostomins have been recorded in horses, donkeys, and zebras worldwide (Lichtenfels et al., 1998), but 10 of these species have been reported only from zebras or donkeys, and a few other species are known to have very limited distributions. However, most horses carry a burden of 5 to 10 common species, including many thousands (sometimes more than 100,000) of lumen-dwelling adult nematodes and as many larval stages in the walls of the large intestine (Reinemeyer et al., 1984; Bucknell et al., 1995). Clinically, cyathostomins are associated with various syndromes, the most dramatic of which is larval cyathostominosis, a fatal enteritis that occurs secondary to synchronized reactivation of arrested larvae from the intestinal mucosa (Giles et al., 1985; van Loon et al., 1995). The major obstacles to understanding, and therefore controlling, these parasites are their complexity, our inability to identify eggs in the feces, and the difficulty in identifying larvae on pasture. Until recently, the parasitic stages of cyathostomins could be identified only by adult worm morphology. However, recent studies have examined the molecular relationship of these species with a view to developing molecular probes for use in identifica- Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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Volume 68 July 2001 Number 2 Former
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Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF
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length did not exceed 1.2 mm. By da
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Agamidae) from Australia. Journal o
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infection with O. javaensis (C. D.
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
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and Font, 2001), the indication of
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U.S.A. (42°59'N; 88°21'W). Ten to
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Table 2. Prevalence (Pr) and Rana c
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transmission dynamics of these 3 tr
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196 in G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush, and
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filariae of S. fallisensis was simi
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CARRENO ET AL.—DEER PARASITES IN
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ange of host species, but most coll
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Oestridae). Canadian Journal of Zoo
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JOY AND TUCKER—SALAMANDER PARASIT
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south-central New York salamanders.
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AGUIRRE-MACEDO ET AL.—ENDOHELMINT
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Table 1. Helminths found in freshwa
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•o d c o U rH CB 3 C8 H °Q 0 W T
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da-Lopez et al., 1985; Leon, 1992;
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especie del genero Goezici Zeder, 1
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JALISCO SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—
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SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—HELMINTH
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Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
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Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
Page 67 and 68: Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
Page 69 and 70: Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
Page 71 and 72: tudio helmintologico de Chirostoma
Page 73 and 74: Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 2
Page 75 and 76: CURRAN ET AL.—TWO VIETNAMESE SNAK
Page 77 and 78: methods of fixation had not been kn
Page 79 and 80: tion) but were in independent later
Page 81 and 82: tylidae Poche: Part 2. A contributi
Page 83 and 84: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 85 and 86: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABD1AS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 87 and 88: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 89 and 90: Literature Cited Baker, M. R. 1978.
Page 91 and 92: Figure 1. Spores of Myxobolus gibbo
Page 93 and 94: CONE—DIAGNOSIS OF MYXOBOLUS 239 F
Page 95 and 96: Literature Cited Cone, D. K., and R
Page 97 and 98: G1BLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
Page 99 and 100: - GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR C
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Page 105 and 106: PAOLA AND DAMBORENEA—TEGUMENT OF
Page 111 and 112: RESEARCH NOTES 257 Table 1. Mean wo
Page 113 and 114: , D. Iglesias, and B. Fried. 1986.
Page 115 and 116: most being found in segment 4 (jeju
Page 117: RESEARCH NOTES 263 Table 1. Helmint
Page 121 and 122: RESEARCH NOTES 267 Table 1. Numbers
Page 123 and 124: Kharchenko, V. A., G. M. Dvojnos, a
Page 125 and 126: id s „ ~ 55 **5 | «§ u ' *^ U
Page 127 and 128: (Nematoda). Except for H. tursionis
Page 129 and 130: RESEARCH NOTES 275 Figure 1. Cephal
Page 133 and 134: c Tj ;^ fn in ON o m ON "3 s ON gcd
Page 135 and 136: ticeps (Rudolphi, 1819), which also
Page 139 and 140: Nieto reviewed recent advances in t
Page 141 and 142: Adenomera hylaedactyla, 21 Algansea
Page 143 and 144: Honorary Membership, 282 Life Membe
Page 145 and 146: Schrankiana larvata, 21 Schrankiana
Page 147 and 148: *Edna M. Buhrer "Mildred A. Doss *
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