Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

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274 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 68(2), JULY 2001 chez-Rios, Alejandra Nieto, and Francisco Anguiano for technical assistance. Collection of cetaceans was permitted by the Secretaria de Pesca, Mexico (authorization number 2275). Literature Cited Dailey, M. D., and R. L. Brownell. 1972. A checklist of marine mammal parasites. Pages 528-589 in S. H. Ridgeway, ed. Mammals of the Sea: Biology and Medicine. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois, U.S.A. , and W. F. Perrin. 1973. Helminth parasites of porpoises of the genus Stenella in the eastern tropical Pacific, with description of two new species: Mastigonema stenellae gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) and Zalophotrerna pacificurn n. sp. (Trematoda: Digenea). Fishery Bulletin 71: 455-471. Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 274-276 Research Note Delyamure, S. L. 1955. The Helminth Fauna of Marine Mammals. Ecology and Phylogeny. Izdatel'stov Akademii Nauk SSSR. Translated 1968, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, Israel. 522 pp. Lamothe-Argumedo, R. 1987. Trematodos de mamfferos III. Hallazgo de Synthesium tursionis (Marchi, 1873) Stunkard y Alvey, 1930 en Phocoena sinus (Phocoenidae) en el Golfo de California, Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia 58:11-20. Morales-Vela, D., and L. D. Olivera-Gomez. 1993. Varamiento de calderones Globicephala macrorhynchus (Cetacea: Delphinidae) en la Isla de Cozumel, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Anales del Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia 64:177-180. The Lung Nematodes (Metastrongyloidea) of the Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana in Southern California, U.S.A. VICTORIA E. MATEY,M BORIS I. KUPERMAN,' JOHN M. KiNSELLA,2 G. F. LLOYD,' AND S. J. LANE3 1 Department of Biology and Center for Inland Waters, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, U.S.A. (e-mail: kuperman@sunstroke.sdsu.edu), 2 Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. (e-mail: wormdwb@aol.com), and 3 Project Wildlife, P.O. Box 80696, San Diego, California 92138, U.S.A (e-mail: sjlane7@home.com) ABSTRACT: The lungworm Heterostrongylus heterostrongylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) is reported for the first time from the Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana in North America. Seventeen of 31 opossums (55%) examined from San Diego County, California, U.S.A., were infected with H. heterostrongylus, with intensities ranging from 8 to 128 worms per host (mean 41). Another species of metastrongyloid nematode, Didelphostrongylus hayesi, was found in 74% of the lungs examined, with intensity ranging from 2 to 1,328 worms per host (mean 312). KEY WORDS: lungworm, Heterostrongylus heterostrongylus, Nematoda, opossum, Didelphis virginiana, Didelphostrongylus hayesi, California, U.S.A. The Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana Ken; 1792, is the only marsupial inhabiting Corresponding author. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington North America, occurring in tropical, subtropical, and temperate habitats from southern Canada to Costa Rica (Gardner, 1973). California, U.S.A., was outside the original range of D. virginiana until its accidental introduction into Los Angeles County and the San Jose area from various eastern states between 1890 and 1910. By 1958, D. virginiana was distributed widely in all the areas of California below 1,500 m altitude (Hunsaker, 1977). Until recently, the metastrongyloid lungworms of D. virginiana have been studied only in the midwestern and eastern U.S.A. Alden (1995) reviewed helminth records from the Virginia opossum and listed records of Didelphostrongylus hayesi Prestwood, 1976, from North Carolina, Georgia, Louisiana, and Tennessee, U.S.A. Subsequently, Baker et al. (1995) record-
RESEARCH NOTES 275 Figure 1. Cephalic end of the lung nematode Heterostrongylus heterostrongylus from the Virginia opossum Didelphis virginiana. Male, frontal view. SEM. Am = amphid; Cl = collarette; Cp = cephalic papilla; L = lip; M = mouth opening; R = ring surrounding mouth. Scale bar = 20 u,m. ed D. hayesi from the Virginia opossum from Sacramento County in northern California. The objective of our study was to determine the identity and prevalence of lung parasites in feral Virginia opossums from southern California. Thirty-one Virginia opossums from San Diego County, California, killed by cars or euthanized after trauma, were examined for lung parasites from March 1999 to June 2000. All samples were obtained from a local nonprofit organization, Project Wildlife, Opossum Team, members of which also carried out the necropsy of the animals. All specimens were categorized, on the basis of weight, into juveniles (0.14-0.90 kg) or adults (1.2-3.4 kg). The lungs with attached trachea of 7 juveniles and 24 adults were examined grossly and under the dissecting microscope. The trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles were split, and the lung parenchyma was teased apart gently. Worms recovered were fixed in 5% formalin or alcohol-formalin-acetic acid (AFA). For light microscopy, worms were examined as temporary whole mounts in glycerine after clearing in glycerine-alcohol with a Diastar® microscope equipped with a Photostar® camera system and were measured in micrometers. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the specimens were postfixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, followed by dehydration in an ethanol series, critical point dried with liquid CO2, sputter coated with gold-palladium, and examined with a Hitachi S-2700® scanning electron microscope. Voucher specimens of nematodes were deposited in the H. W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A. (accession numbers 15617-15619). In all, 7,381 lungworms were found in adult and juvenile animals examined. The parasites were identified as metastrongyloid nematodes. Of these, 91.1% were identified as D. hayesi and 8.9% were identified as Heterostrongylus heterostrongylus Travassos, 1925. This is the first record of H. heterostrongylus from D. virginiana and the first record of this nematode in North America. Previous records of H. heterostrongylus were from another species of opossum, Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758, Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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Volume 68 July 2001 Number 2 Former
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Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF
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length did not exceed 1.2 mm. By da
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Agamidae) from Australia. Journal o
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infection with O. javaensis (C. D.
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
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and Font, 2001), the indication of
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U.S.A. (42°59'N; 88°21'W). Ten to
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Table 2. Prevalence (Pr) and Rana c
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transmission dynamics of these 3 tr
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196 in G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush, and
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filariae of S. fallisensis was simi
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CARRENO ET AL.—DEER PARASITES IN
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ange of host species, but most coll
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Oestridae). Canadian Journal of Zoo
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JOY AND TUCKER—SALAMANDER PARASIT
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south-central New York salamanders.
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AGUIRRE-MACEDO ET AL.—ENDOHELMINT
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Table 1. Helminths found in freshwa
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•o d c o U rH CB 3 C8 H °Q 0 W T
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da-Lopez et al., 1985; Leon, 1992;
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especie del genero Goezici Zeder, 1
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JALISCO SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—
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SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—HELMINTH
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Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
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tudio helmintologico de Chirostoma
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CURRAN ET AL.—TWO VIETNAMESE SNAK
Page 77 and 78: methods of fixation had not been kn
Page 79 and 80: tion) but were in independent later
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Page 89 and 90: Literature Cited Baker, M. R. 1978.
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Page 111 and 112: RESEARCH NOTES 257 Table 1. Mean wo
Page 113 and 114: , D. Iglesias, and B. Fried. 1986.
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Page 117 and 118: RESEARCH NOTES 263 Table 1. Helmint
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Page 141 and 142: Adenomera hylaedactyla, 21 Algansea
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Page 147 and 148: *Edna M. Buhrer "Mildred A. Doss *
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