Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

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226 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 68(2), JULY 2001 vitellarium can be used as an informative generic level taxonomic distinction. Fixation techniques A wide variety of techniques has been used by parasitologists to fix specimens. Most of those techniques yield satisfactory and consistent results; however, those that produce results inconsistent with other procedures should be avoided. We advocate collecting digeneans by initially placing them live in physiological saline solution (7.7—8.5 g NaCl per liter of distilled water). They should never be exposed to distilled or tap water while alive. Unless specimens are to be used for ultrastructural or other specific puiposes, they should be killed rapidly with heat. They can be killed by a flame under a slide with worms in a small amount of saline or by pouring a relatively large volume of hot or boiling saline or tap water over specimens immersed in little or no saline. The specimens then should be transferred, without touching them with forceps, into 5—10% buffered formalin solution soon after being killed. Killing with hot formalin solution or other fixatives is acceptable but produces harsh fumes. Killing with heat produces consistently fixed specimens, ideal for making comparative measurements. Fixation with pressure may be useful for examining certain organ systems such as the female reproductive complex or the terminal genitalia, but specimens fixed under pressure should be used with care for taxonomic purposes because the entire specimen or specific structures may be distorted. Comparison of heat-killed specimens with specimens bathed in fresh water and then coldkilled revealed differences. Specimens of S. vietnamensis that were osmotically stressed prior to fixation were a different shape, they were wider, the pharynx and esophagus were distorted, the ceca were slightly shorter, the testes were larger, and the cirrus sac was oriented differently. Any one of these conditions might be used to misidentify a species, incorrectly describe specimens, or provide misleading information. Stressed specimens of 5. taiwanensis exhibited some distortions at the specific level, but more importantly, the confluent vitelline follicles represent a generic distinction for Gogatea. Lack of knowledge about the methods used on specimens for descriptions of some species of Gogatea and Szidatia shows the need to reevaluate those species with heat-killed specimens. Until Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington such material is available, we prefer to treat the genera separately. Acknowledgments We thank Cathy Schloss and Kristine Wilkie of the Gulf Coast Research Laboratory for helping with some of the literature. We also thank Eric Hoberg and Pat Pilitt from the United States National Parasite Collection, Beltsville, Maryland, for the loan of a specimen and Dr. Richard Heckmann of Brigham Young University for his interest in the project. Partial support for this study was provided by International Paper. Literature Cited Chakrabarti, K. K. 1967. On a new echinostome (Singhiatrema lali n. sp.) from the intestine of a turtle. Science and Culture 33:407-408. Chattopadhyaya, D. R. 1967. On a new trematode of the genus Singhiatrema Simha, 1954, from the cloaca of the Indian cobra in Hyderabad. Indian Journal of Helminthology 18:45-49. Dollfus, R. P. 1953. Miscellanea helminthologica Maroccana VII. Les Szidatia de Matrix viperina (Latreille, 1802) [Trematoda Digenea]. Archives de 1'Institut Pasteur du Maroc 4:505-512. Dubois, G. 1938. Monographic des Strigeida (Trematoda). Memoires de la Societe Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles 6:1—535. . 1951. Nouvelle cle de determination des groupes systematiques et des genres de Strigeida Poche (Trematoda). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 58(39):639-691. -. 1953. Liste Systcmatique des Strigeida (Trematoda) de 1'Inde. Pages 77-88 in J. Dayal and K. Singh, eds. Thapar, G. S., Commemoration Volume. University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India. Dwivedi, M. P. 1968. On a new species of the genus Singhiatrema Simha, 1954 (Trematoda: Echinostomidae). Indian Journal of Helminthology 19: 141-144. Fischthal, J. H., and R. E. Kuntz. 1975. Some trernatodes of amphibians and reptiles from Taiwan. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 42:1-13. Hughes, R. C. 1929. Studies on the trematode family Strigeidae (Holostomidae) No. XIV. Two new species of diplostomula. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 202: 1-29 + 1 pi. Joyeux, C., and J. G. Baer. 1934. Sur un trematode de couleuvre. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 41:203- 215. Langeron, M. 1924. Recherches sur les cercaires des piscines de Gafsa et enquete sur la bilharziose Tunisienne. Archives de FInstitut Pasteur de Tunis 13:19-67. Lutz, A. 1935. Observances e consideracoes sobre Cyathocotylineas e Prohemistomineas. Memorias do Institute Oswaldo Cruz 30:157-182. Mehra, H. R. 1947. Studies on the family Cyathoco-
tylidae Poche: Part 2. A contribution to our knowledge of the subfamily Prohemistominae Lutz, 1935, with a discussion on the classification of the family. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India 17:1-52. Simha, S. S. 1954. On a new trematode genus Singhiatrema singhia n. g., n. s. from rat snake Ptyas (Zamenis) miicosus from Hyderabad-Deccan. Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress (1954) Part IV 41:32. . 1958. Studies on the trematode parasite of reptiles found in Hyderabad state. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 18:161-218. , and D. R. Chattopadhyaya. 1967. A discussion on the systematic position of the subfamily Singhiatreminae Simha, 1962. Indian Journal of Helminthology 18(seminar supplement):54-58. CURRAN ET AL.—TWO VIETNAMESE SNAKE DIGENEANS 227 Symposium Announcement Sudarikov, V. E. 1962. Order Strigeidida (La Rue, 1926) Sudarikov, 1959. Trematodes of Animals and Man. Principles of Trematodology, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. Helminthological Laboratory, Moscow 19:267-469. (In Russian.) Szidat, L. 1936. Parasiten aus Seeschwalben 1. Uber neue Cyathocotyliden aus dem Darm von Sterna hirundo L. und Sterna paradisea. Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde 8:285-317. Yamaguti, S. 1958. Systema Helminthum. Volume I. The Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates, Part I. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York. 979 pp. . 1971. Synopsis of Digenetic Trematodes of Vertebrates. 2 volumes. Keigaku Publishing Company, Tokyo, Japan. 1074 pp. + 349 pis. PARASITOLOGY IN SCIENCE AND SOCIETY Sponsored by The Helminthological Society of Washington Saturday, October 27, 2001, 1:00-5:00 pm S. Dillon Ripley Center of the South Quadrangle, Room 3111 National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution Washington, D.C. The 676th meeting of the Helminthological Society of Washington, to be held on October 27, 2001 at the Smithsonian Institution, will be a special event. The Helminthological Society of Washington, in cooperation with The American Society of Parasitologists, will conduct a symposium entitled Parasitology in Science and Society. The purpose of the symposium is to assess the state of parasitology as a discipline, clearly define the role of parasitology in science, and explore ways that various parasitological and related societies and governmental agencies can work together to strengthen our discipline. Dr. Richard O'Grady, Executive Director of the American Institute of Biological Sciences, will speak on the power and importance of collaborative efforts in science. Dr. Eric P. Hoberg of the United States Department of Agriculture's Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, will discuss the seminal importance of phylogenetic studies and taxonomic inventories and collections to contemporary parasitology. Additionally, leaders of various parasitological and related societies and governmental agencies are being asked to clearly articulate the missions and visions of their organizations as they relate to parasitology. Because each society and agency is a unique entity, we all have special strengths to offer to our broader discipline. Further, participants are being asked to identify contemporary societal issues which the discipline of parasitology can address, and indicate specific ways that their organization is, and can aid in, addressing these issues. We invite you to make every effort to attend this important meeting of the Helminthological Society of Washington. INVITED SOCIETIES, AGENCIES, AND ORGANIZATIONS American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists American Heartworm Society American Institute of Biological Sciences American Society of Parasitologists American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Canadian Zoological Society Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Entomological Society of America Helminthological Society of Washington National Institutes of Health National Science Foundation Society of Nematologists Society of Protozoologists United States Department of Agriculture United States Department of the Interior Wildlife Disease Association Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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Volume 68 July 2001 Number 2 Former
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Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF
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length did not exceed 1.2 mm. By da
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Agamidae) from Australia. Journal o
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infection with O. javaensis (C. D.
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
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and Font, 2001), the indication of
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U.S.A. (42°59'N; 88°21'W). Ten to
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Table 2. Prevalence (Pr) and Rana c
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transmission dynamics of these 3 tr
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196 in G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush, and
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Page 29 and 30: filariae of S. fallisensis was simi
Page 31 and 32: Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
Page 33 and 34: CARRENO ET AL.—DEER PARASITES IN
Page 35 and 36: ange of host species, but most coll
Page 37 and 38: Oestridae). Canadian Journal of Zoo
Page 41 and 42: JOY AND TUCKER—SALAMANDER PARASIT
Page 43 and 44: south-central New York salamanders.
Page 45 and 46: AGUIRRE-MACEDO ET AL.—ENDOHELMINT
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Helminths found in freshwa
Page 53 and 54: •o d c o U rH CB 3 C8 H °Q 0 W T
Page 55 and 56: da-Lopez et al., 1985; Leon, 1992;
Page 57 and 58: especie del genero Goezici Zeder, 1
Page 59 and 60: JALISCO SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—
Page 61 and 62: SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—HELMINTH
Page 63 and 64: Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
Page 71 and 72: tudio helmintologico de Chirostoma
Page 75 and 76: CURRAN ET AL.—TWO VIETNAMESE SNAK
Page 77 and 78: methods of fixation had not been kn
Page 79: tion) but were in independent later
Page 83 and 84: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 85 and 86: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABD1AS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 87 and 88: KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
Page 89 and 90: Literature Cited Baker, M. R. 1978.
Page 91 and 92: Figure 1. Spores of Myxobolus gibbo
Page 93 and 94: CONE—DIAGNOSIS OF MYXOBOLUS 239 F
Page 95 and 96: Literature Cited Cone, D. K., and R
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Page 111 and 112: RESEARCH NOTES 257 Table 1. Mean wo
Page 113 and 114: , D. Iglesias, and B. Fried. 1986.
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Page 117 and 118: RESEARCH NOTES 263 Table 1. Helmint
Page 121 and 122: RESEARCH NOTES 267 Table 1. Numbers
Page 123 and 124: Kharchenko, V. A., G. M. Dvojnos, a
Page 125 and 126: id s „ ~ 55 **5 | «§ u ' *^ U
Page 127 and 128: (Nematoda). Except for H. tursionis
Page 129 and 130: RESEARCH NOTES 275 Figure 1. Cephal
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c Tj ;^ fn in ON o m ON "3 s ON gcd
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ticeps (Rudolphi, 1819), which also
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Nieto reviewed recent advances in t
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Adenomera hylaedactyla, 21 Algansea
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Honorary Membership, 282 Life Membe
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Schrankiana larvata, 21 Schrankiana
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*Edna M. Buhrer "Mildred A. Doss *
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