Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

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178 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 68(2), JULY 2001 amination, several aliquots of abomasal and intestinal contents were fixed and later searched for parasites. Contents from the abomasum and small intestine were suspended in 2 liter of water. Duplicate aliquots of 200 ml were removed, fixed in 5% formalin, and subsequently examined using a stereomicroscope. Digeneans were fixed in hot 10% formalin and stored in 70% ethanol. Ectoparasites and nematodes were stored in 70% ethanol without fixation in formalin. Prior to examination, nematodes were cleared in either glycerine or phenol-alcohol. Tissues examined for sarcocysts were embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with both hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff stains for diagnosis. Amphistome digeneans were prepared using the same methods and identified using descriptions by Kennedy et al. (1985) and Sey (1991). Voucher tick specimens are deposited in the U.S. National Tick Collection (USNTC), Institute of Arthropodology and Parasitology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, U.S.A. Voucher specimens of other parasites are deposited in the U.S. National Parasite Collection (USNPC), United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, U.S.A. Accession numbers are listed in Table 1. Results A total of 18 parasite species was found in the 2 deer (Table 1). Both deer hosted the hippoboscid louse fly Lipoptena mazamae and the ixodid ticks Amblyomma parvum and Haemaphysalis juxtakochi. We also found second- and third-stage larvae of Cephenemyia jellisoni (identified using keys in Bennett and Sabrosky [1962]) in the nasal sinuses of both deer. One deer also hosted the ticks Anocentor nitens, Boophilus microplus, and Ixodes affinis. Both deer hosted the digenean trematode Paramphistomum liorchis in their rumens. They also were infected by 3 species of nematodes: Gongylonema pulchrum in the submucosa of the esophagus, Eucyathostomum webbi in the large intestine, and Parelaphostrongylus tennis in the inner surface of the dura and from cranial sinuses and nerves. Meristic data for the latter species (Table 2) did not differ from those reported for P. tennis in O. virginianus from North America (Anderson, 1963; Carreno and Lankester, 1993), although the esophageal lengths of the 2 males were greater than those reported in North American specimens. A cysticercus of Taenia omissa was found encapsulated in fibrous connective tissue in the lung parenchyma. Identification of the cysticercus was based on structure and measurements of rostellar hooks and the occurrence in deer; morphology of the intact cysticercus was consistent with observations by Rausch (1981). Two specimens of Setaria yehi were collected from 1 deer, 1 in the rectum, and the other in the posterior region of the body cavity. From the abomasal intestinal aliquots, few nematodes in the abomasa and none in the small intestines were found. A female specimen of Mazamastrongylus sp. occurred in the abomasum of 1 deer. It could not be identified to species based on the diagnostic features within the genus. Hoberg (1996) demonstrated polymorphism in vulvar anatomy, and no males were found. In the abomasum of the second deer, specimens of an undescribed species of Ashworthius were found. Protozoan infections were not obvious in these animals (blood smears and fecal examinations were negative), except for the presence of unidentified sarcocysts in the hind leg muscles of 1 host. Discussion Parasites in white-tailed deer Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington This report constitutes the first data on parasites of O. virginianus in Costa Rica. The ranges of C. jellisoni, P. liorchis, E. webbi, O. cervipedis, and, most importantly, P. tennis are now extended south of North America. These range extensions suggest that the parasites may also be present in Mexico, other parts of Central America, and perhaps South America, coinciding with the distribution of this cervid. There is little information on the parasites of cervids south of the United States. Captive O. virginianus from the Yucatan Peninsula have been reported as hosts of nematodes (Haemonchus sp., Cooperia spp., Isospora spp., Eimeria spp., Trichuris spp., Strongyloides spp.) and cestodes (Moniezia spp.), based on examination of fecal samples and fecal culture of nematode L3 larvae (Montes-Perez et al., 1998). Several parasites have been listed from O. virginianus from Mexico and Central America, including arthropods, Cephenemyia sp., L. mazamae, A. nitens, H. juxtakochi, I. affinis, and nematodes, Haemonchus conforms (Rudolphi, 1802) Cobb, 1898, and Gongylonema pulchrum, as well as several other species not found in the present study (Mendez, 1984). In South America, O. virginianus has been reported as a host for the nematodes H. contortus, Setaria sp., Oesophagostomum asperum Railliet and Henry, 1913, and Mecistocirrus sp., as well as the arthropods
CARRENO ET AL.—DEER PARASITES IN COSTA RICA 179 Table 1. Parasites recovered from Odocoileus virginianus in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Protozoa Sarcocystis sp. Parasite Deer Deer 2 Accession number Arthropoda: Acari Arnblyomma parvum Aragao, 1908 Anocentor nitens (Neumann, 1897) Boophilus microplus (Canestrini, 1887) Haemaphysalis juxtakochi (Cooley, 1946) Ixodes qffinis Neumann, 1899 Amblyomma sp. (immature stages) Arthropoda: Diptera Lipoptena mazamae Rondani, 1878 Cephenemyia jellisoni Townsend, 1941 Trematoda Paramphistomum liorchis Fischoeder, 1901 Cestoda Taenia omissa Liihe, 1910 Nematoda Setaria yehi (Desset, 1966) Ashworthius sp. Gongylonenm pulchmm Molin, 1857 Eucyathostomum webbi Pursglove, 1976 Parelaphostrongylus tennis (Dougherty, 1945) Mazamastrongylus sp. Onchocerca cervipedis Wehr and Dikmans, 1935 + USNPC 90056 + + RML 122837, RML 122838 + RML 122838 + - RML 122838 + + RML 122837, RML 122838 + - RML 122838 + + RML 122837, RML 122838 + USNPC 90062, USNPC 90063 10 USNPC 90053, USNPC 90054 + (> 1,000) + (
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Page 3 and 4: Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
Page 5 and 6: CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF
Page 7 and 8: length did not exceed 1.2 mm. By da
Page 9 and 10: Agamidae) from Australia. Journal o
Page 11 and 12: infection with O. javaensis (C. D.
Page 13 and 14: CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
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Page 17 and 18: and Font, 2001), the indication of
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Page 21 and 22: Table 2. Prevalence (Pr) and Rana c
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Page 29 and 30: filariae of S. fallisensis was simi
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Page 35 and 36: ange of host species, but most coll
Page 37 and 38: Oestridae). Canadian Journal of Zoo
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Page 43 and 44: south-central New York salamanders.
Page 45 and 46: AGUIRRE-MACEDO ET AL.—ENDOHELMINT
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Helminths found in freshwa
Page 53 and 54: •o d c o U rH CB 3 C8 H °Q 0 W T
Page 55 and 56: da-Lopez et al., 1985; Leon, 1992;
Page 57 and 58: especie del genero Goezici Zeder, 1
Page 59 and 60: JALISCO SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—
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Page 63 and 64: Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
Page 71 and 72: tudio helmintologico de Chirostoma
Page 75 and 76: CURRAN ET AL.—TWO VIETNAMESE SNAK
Page 77 and 78: methods of fixation had not been kn
Page 79 and 80: tion) but were in independent later
Page 81 and 82: tylidae Poche: Part 2. A contributi
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABD1AS AMBYSTOMAE
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
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Literature Cited Baker, M. R. 1978.
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Figure 1. Spores of Myxobolus gibbo
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CONE—DIAGNOSIS OF MYXOBOLUS 239 F
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Literature Cited Cone, D. K., and R
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G1BLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
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- GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR C
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GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
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Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 2
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PAOLA AND DAMBORENEA—TEGUMENT OF
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RESEARCH NOTES 257 Table 1. Mean wo
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, D. Iglesias, and B. Fried. 1986.
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most being found in segment 4 (jeju
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RESEARCH NOTES 263 Table 1. Helmint
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RESEARCH NOTES 267 Table 1. Numbers
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Kharchenko, V. A., G. M. Dvojnos, a
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id s „ ~ 55 **5 | «§ u ' *^ U
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(Nematoda). Except for H. tursionis
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RESEARCH NOTES 275 Figure 1. Cephal
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c Tj ;^ fn in ON o m ON "3 s ON gcd
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ticeps (Rudolphi, 1819), which also
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Nieto reviewed recent advances in t
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Adenomera hylaedactyla, 21 Algansea
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Honorary Membership, 282 Life Membe
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Schrankiana larvata, 21 Schrankiana
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*Edna M. Buhrer "Mildred A. Doss *
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