Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

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154 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 68(2), JULY 2001 ficity means that tapeworms of the same species will be exposed to different environments in different species of hosts, thus presenting opportunities for host-induced variation. If variation is induced, then this may affect the current morphometrically based taxonomy of species of Oochoristica. Second, a better understanding of the degree to which species of Oochoristica can switch hosts is imperative in light of the conservation implications associated with introduced organisms and their parasites (see Barton, 1997). Introduced lizards will have consequences not only for conservation, but also for parasite taxonomy. If in the past, species of Oochoristica have been transmitted with their exotic lizard hosts, then current assumptions of biogeographic isolation may be incorrect. This is not to say that there was never a biogeographic pattern that paralleled Oochoristica speciation, but especially because of anthropogenic effects, species of Oochoristica may have colonized new areas before many of them were ever described (see Bursey et al. [1996] for a list of authority dates). This possibility exists because records of some introduced geckos, i.e., H. turcicus in Florida (Stejneger, 1922) and Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnes, 1818) in South America and the Caribbean (Kluge, 1969), predate many Oochoristica species descriptions. It is interesting to note that several authors (Bursey and Goldberg, 1996b; Bursey et al., 1996; Brooks et al., 1999) listed O. vanzolinii as a Neotropical species of Oochoristica from Brazil without regard to the fact that it was described from the introduced house gecko, H. mabouia (Rego and Oliveira Rodrigues, 1965). It has been hypothesized that H. mabouia naturally colonized the New World via rafting or was transported during the slave trades over 400 yr ago (Kluge, 1969). In either case, H. mabouia colonized the New World from Africa, thus presenting the opportunity for parasite transport. It is also interesting to note that in describing O. javaensis, Kennedy et al. (1982) listed O. vanzolinii as the species that most resembled their specimens. Brooks et al. (1999) stated that both assumptions, specificity and geographic isolation, were not evidence for new species, and suggested that in describing new species many morphological characters should be provided. We strongly support their contention; however, the full extent to Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington which certain features are plastic is still unknown for this genus. As indicated by Criscione and Font (2001), proglottid morphology of O. javaensis exhibited a high degree of plasticity that may have resulted from a crowding effect (Read, 1951). Providing more characters may alleviate some problems, but it will not solve the underlying difficulties associated with the taxonomy of Oochoristica. The morphologically based taxonomy of Oochoristica will only be validated upon experimentation establishing the variation of characters within the genus and/or the use of molecular data. Acknowledgments We express our gratitude to Dr. Richard Seigel, Caroline Kennedy, and Tom Lorenz for collecting the fence lizards and leopard frogs, and to Amanda Vincent and Jonathan Willis for their help with experiments and care of lizards. Thanks are also extended to Dr. Murray Kennedy and Dr. Bruce Conn for loaning us specimens of Oochoristica from their private collections, and to Judith Price at the Canadian Museum of Nature (CMNPA) and Pat Pilitt, Dr. Eric Hoberg, and Dr. J. Ralph Lichtenfels at the USNPC for their assistance and loan of specimens. Literature Cited Barton, D. P. 1997. Introduced animals and their parasites: the cane toad, Bufo marinus, in Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology 22:316-324. Beveridge, I. 1994. Family Anoplocephalidae Cholodkovsky, 1902. Pages 315-366 in L. F. Khalil, A. Jones, and R. A. Bray, eds. Keys to the Cestode Parasites of Vertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Wallingford, U.K. Brooks, D. R., G. Perez-Ponce de Leon, and L. Garcia-Prieto. 1999. Two new species of Oochoristica Liihe, 1898 (Eucestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae: Linstowiinae) parasitic in Ctenosaura spp. (Iguanidae) from Costa Rica and Mexico. Journal of Parasitology 85:893-897. Bursey, C. R., and S. R. Goldberg. 1996a. Oochoristica macallisteri sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea: Linstowiidae) from the side-blotched lizard, Ufa stansburiana (Sauria: Phrynosomatidae), from California, USA. Folia Parasitologica 43:293-296. , and . 1996b. Oochoristica maccoyi n. sp. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae) from Anolis gingivinus (Sauria: Polychortidae) collected in Anguilla, Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Journal of Science 32: 390-394. -, and D. N. Woolery. 1996. Oochoristica piankai sp. n. (Cestoda: Linstowiidae) and other helminths of Moloch horridus (Sauria:
Agamidae) from Australia. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 63:215-221. -, C. T. McAllister, and P. S. Freed. 1997. Oochoristica jonnesi sp. n. (Cyclophyllidea: Linstowiidae) from the house gecko, Hemidactylus mabouia (Sauria: Gekkonidae), from Cameroon. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington 64:55-58. Conn, D. B. 1985. Life cycle and postembryonic development of Oochoristica anolis (Cyclophyllidea: Linstowiidae). Journal of Parasitology 71:10— 16. Criscione, C. D., and W. F. Font. 2001. Artifactual and natural variation of Oochoristica javaensis'. statistical evaluation of in situ fixation. Comparative Parasitology 68:156-163. Estes, R., K. De Queiroz, and J. A. Gauthier. 1988. Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata. Pages 119-281 in R. Estes and G. Pregill, eds. Phylogenetic Relationships of the Lizard Families, Essays Commemorating Charles L. Camp. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, U.S.A. Hicknian, J. L. 1963. The biology of Oochoristica vacuolata Hickman (Cestoda). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 97:81- 104. Kennedy, M. J., L. M. Killick, and M. Beverley- Burton. 1982. Oochoristica javaensis n. sp. (Eu- CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF OOCHORISTICA JAVAENSIS 155 Editors' Acknowledgments cestoda: Linstowiidae) from Gehyra mutilata and other gekkonid lizards (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) from Java, Indonesia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60:2459-2463. Kluge, A. G. 1969. The evolution and geographical origin of the New World Hemidactylus mabouiabrookii complex (Gekkonidae, Sauria). Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 138:1-78. Pough, F. H., R. M. Andrews, J. E. Cadle, M. L. Crump, A. H. Savitzky, and K. D. Wells. 1998. Herpetology. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, U.S.A. 577 pp. Read, C. P. 1951. The "crowding effect" in tapeworm infections. Journal of Parasitology 37:174-178. Rego, A. A., and H. Oliveira Rodrigues. 1965. Sobre duas Oochoristica parasitas de lacertilios (Cestoda, Cyclophillidea). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 25:59-65. Schmidt, G. D. 1986. Handbook of Tapeworm Identification. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A. 675 pp. Stejneger, L. 1922. Two new geckos to the fauna of the United States. Copeia 1922:56. Widmer, E. A., and O. W. Olsen. 1967. The life history of Oochoristica osheroffi Meggitt, 1934 (Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae). Journal of Parasitology 53:343-349. We acknowledge, with thanks, the following persons for providing valuable help and insights in reviewing manuscripts for Comparative Parasitology: Roy Anderson, Prema Arasu, Carter Atkinson, Scott Baird, James Baldwin, Diane Barton, Ian Beveridge, Reginald Blaylock, Walter Boeger, Rodney Bray, Daniel Brooks, Michael Burt, Goran Bylund, Charles Bursey, Ronald Campbell, Melanie Chapman, Anindo Choudhury, James Coggins, William Coil, David Cone, Bruce Conn, Thomas Cribb, John Cross, Lawrence Curtis, Murray Dailey, William Davidson, Emmet Dennis, Marie-Claude Durette-Desset, Ralph Eckerlin, Burton Endo, Alan Fedynich, Stephen Feist, Jacqueline Fernandez, David Fitch, Donald Forrester, Scott Gardner, Lynda Gibbons, David Gibson, Tim Goater, Stephen Goldberg, Robert Goldstein, Hideo Hasegawa, Richard Heard, Sherman Hendrix, John Hnida, Eric Hoberg, John Holmes, Patrick Hudson, David Huffman, Jean-Pierre Hugot, Kym Jacobson, Francisco Jimenez-Ruiz, James Joy, Michael Kent, Mike Kinsella, Greg Klassen, Ronald Ko, Delane Kritsky, Kevin Lafferty, Murray Lankester, Ralph Lichtenfels, Eugene Lyons, John Mackiewicz, David Marcogliese, Jean Mariaux, Chris McAllister, Donald McAlpine, Frantisek Moravec, Janice Moore, Patrick Muzzall, Fuad Nahhas, Robin Overstreet, Raphael Payne, Thomas Platt, Robert Poulin, Annie Prestwood, Robert Rausch, Amilcar Rego, Mark Rigby, John Riley, Klaus Rohde, Benjamin Sacks, William Samuel, Gerhard Schad, Thomas Scholz, Maria Sepiilveda, Scott Seville, Takeshi Shimazu, John Sullivan, Stephen Taft, Dennis Thoney, Tellervo Valtonen, William Wardle, Patricia Wilber, and Darwin Wittrock. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
Page 1 and 2: Volume 68 July 2001 Number 2 Former
Page 3 and 4: Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
Page 5 and 6: CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF
Page 7: length did not exceed 1.2 mm. By da
Page 11 and 12: infection with O. javaensis (C. D.
Page 13 and 14: CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
Page 15 and 16: CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
Page 17 and 18: and Font, 2001), the indication of
Page 19 and 20: U.S.A. (42°59'N; 88°21'W). Ten to
Page 21 and 22: Table 2. Prevalence (Pr) and Rana c
Page 23 and 24: transmission dynamics of these 3 tr
Page 25 and 26: 196 in G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush, and
Page 29 and 30: filariae of S. fallisensis was simi
Page 33 and 34: CARRENO ET AL.—DEER PARASITES IN
Page 35 and 36: ange of host species, but most coll
Page 37 and 38: Oestridae). Canadian Journal of Zoo
Page 41 and 42: JOY AND TUCKER—SALAMANDER PARASIT
Page 43 and 44: south-central New York salamanders.
Page 45 and 46: AGUIRRE-MACEDO ET AL.—ENDOHELMINT
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Helminths found in freshwa
Page 53 and 54: •o d c o U rH CB 3 C8 H °Q 0 W T
Page 55 and 56: da-Lopez et al., 1985; Leon, 1992;
Page 57 and 58: especie del genero Goezici Zeder, 1
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JALISCO SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—
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SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—HELMINTH
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Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
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tudio helmintologico de Chirostoma
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Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 2
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CURRAN ET AL.—TWO VIETNAMESE SNAK
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methods of fixation had not been kn
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tion) but were in independent later
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tylidae Poche: Part 2. A contributi
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABD1AS AMBYSTOMAE
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
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Literature Cited Baker, M. R. 1978.
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Figure 1. Spores of Myxobolus gibbo
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CONE—DIAGNOSIS OF MYXOBOLUS 239 F
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Literature Cited Cone, D. K., and R
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G1BLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
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- GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR C
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GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
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PAOLA AND DAMBORENEA—TEGUMENT OF
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RESEARCH NOTES 257 Table 1. Mean wo
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, D. Iglesias, and B. Fried. 1986.
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most being found in segment 4 (jeju
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RESEARCH NOTES 263 Table 1. Helmint
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RESEARCH NOTES 267 Table 1. Numbers
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Kharchenko, V. A., G. M. Dvojnos, a
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id s „ ~ 55 **5 | «§ u ' *^ U
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(Nematoda). Except for H. tursionis
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RESEARCH NOTES 275 Figure 1. Cephal
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c Tj ;^ fn in ON o m ON "3 s ON gcd
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ticeps (Rudolphi, 1819), which also
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Nieto reviewed recent advances in t
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Adenomera hylaedactyla, 21 Algansea
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Honorary Membership, 282 Life Membe
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Schrankiana larvata, 21 Schrankiana
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*Edna M. Buhrer "Mildred A. Doss *
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