Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

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206 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOOY, 68(2), JULY 2001 Table 1. Fish species from the Lerma-Santiago river basin of west-central Mexico that were examined for helminths in 1997 and 1998. Fish species Common name Sample size (n) Cyprinidae *Algansea tincella (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1844) Spottail chub 17 jCyprinux carpio Linnaeus, 1758 Common carp 45 '•'"Notropis sallei (Giinther, 1868) Azteca chub 37 *Yuriria alta (Jordan, 1880) Lerma chub 49 Goodeidae ''Girardinichthys multiradiatiis (Meek, 1904) Darkedged splitfin 503 '•'•Goodea atripinnis Jordan, 1880 Blackfin goodea 143 *Xcnotoca variants (Bean, 1887) Jeweled splitfin 56 Poeciliidae Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes //; Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1846 Mexican molly 23 *Poeciliopxis infans (Woolman, 1894) Lerma livebearer 16 Poeciliopsis sp. 13 Atherinidae *Atherinella crystallina (Jordan and Culver ;'/; Jordan, 1895) Blackfin silverside 48 *Chirostoma humboldtianitm (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1835) Shortfin silverside 46 *Chirostoma jordani: Woolman, 1894 Mesa silverside 64 *Chirostoma labarcae Meek, 1902 Sharpnose silverside 3 *Chirostoma riojai Solorzano and Lopez, 1966 Toluca silverside 78 Cichlidae Cichlasoma beani (Jordan, 1889) Sinaloan cichlid 32 Centrarchidae t Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque, 1819 Bluegill 2 Gobiidac Awaous tajasica (Lichtenstein, 1822) River goby 2 * Species endemic to the Lerma-Santiago river basin. t Species introduced to the Lerma-Santiago river basin. complanatum, Diplostomum sp., P. minimum, C. formosanus, L. intestinalis, C. cf. ralli, P. caballeroi, P. cf. urseus, P. cochlearii, V. campylane ristrota, V. mutabills, Eustrongylides sp., Contracaecum sp., and P. brevis. Three species are recent, anthropogenically introduced colonizers: C. formosanus, P. tornentosa, and B. acheilognathi, which is the most widely distributed species in the basin. Twelve of the 33 fish species examined have not previously been surveyed for parasites, and present data expand the spectrum of fish hosts, to the effect that the list provides 75 new records for hosts and locations. Discussion Only 8 fish species have been examined in sufficient numbers to enable evaluation of helminth community composition and structure: Algansea lacustris, Chirostoma estor, C. attenu- Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington atutn, Goodea atripinnis, Alloophorus robustus, Allotoca diazi, Micropterus salmoides, and Cyprinus carpio. Patzcuaro Lake has been systematically sampled, while other localities have only been sampled occasionally and with few fish examined. From large areas of the basin no data on fish parasites exist at all. There is also limited information on the parasites of fish in rivers and other water bodies. Parasitological knowledge for the Lerma-Santiago river basin is fragmentary, as many studies did not record all the helminth species because they were prepared for taxonomic ends, such as the description of a single species. As a result, most of the research in the basin merely indicates where data are most needed. A notable aspect of the present data is a highly characteristic endemic helminth component in the Lerma-Santiago river basin. Of the 43 re-
SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—HELMINTHS OF MEXICAN FISHES 207 Table 2. Codes and features of the localities sampled or reported in the literature from which hosts were collected. Code Bata Bizn Chap Chic Coin Cons Cuit Igna Lagu Lerm Patz Rami Rsan Sala Taza Tila Trin Viet Zira Locality name Presa El Batan Presa La Biznaga Lago de Chapala Lago de Chicnahuapan ("Almoloya del Rio") Presa Cointzio Presa Constitucion de 1917 Lago de Cuitzeo Presa Ignacio Allende La Lagunilla Cienega de Lerma Lago de Patzcuaro Presa Ignacio Ramirez Rio Santiago (Aguamilpa) Lago de Salazar Las Tazas Santiago Tilapa, Laguna de Guadalupe Victoria Trinidad Fabela Villa Victoria Lago de Zirahuen Habitat type AR* AR NL NL AR AR NL AR WL WL NL AR RI NL AR NL AR AR NL State (coordinates) Queretaro (20°13'13"N; 100°24'39"W) Guanajuato (21°25'30"N; 100°52'52.7"W) Jalisco (20°08'-20°22'N; 102°42'-103°25'W) =|: AR = Artificial reservoir; NL = natural lake; WL = wetland; RI = river. corded helminth species, 6 (14%) are endemic to the basin: the digeneans A. mexicanum and M. bravoae, from atherinids and the goodeid G. multiradiatus, respectively; the monogenean O. mexicanum, a parasite of the cyprinid A. lacustris', and the nematodes R. lichtenfelsi, from the goodeids A. robustus, A. diazi, and G. atripinnis, and a species of Spinitectus, previously referred to as S. carolini, from the atherinids C. attenuatum and C. estor. Additionally, the nematode species B. nayaritensis, a parasite of C. beani in the Santiago River, may be endemic to this basin, because there is no other record of this species in Mexico (Moravec, 1998), and cichlids are the best studied fish family from a parasitological point of view (Salgado-Maldonado et al., 1997; Vidal-Martfnez and Kennedy, 2000). It is thought that the present hydrological configuration of the Lerma-Santiago river basin was created during the Pliocene Age by orogenic activity that isolated it from the ocean (Barbour, 1973; Echelle and Echelle, 1984). The fish fauna of the basin consists of the descendants of marine ancestors that invaded the freshwater bodies, as well as Nearctic components such as cyprinids. It is assumed that by at least 5 million yr ago the fish species in the basin had established themselves, evolving and diversifying from their Estado de Mexico (19°11'N; 99°30'W) Michoacan (19°36'46"N; 101°17'58"W) Queretaro (20°25'00"N; 100°05'00"W) Guanajuato-Michoacan (20°04'34"- 1 9°53'25"N; 101° 1 9'34"-l 00°50'20"W) Guanajuato (20°55'N; 100°50'W) Estado de Mexico (19°08'30"N; 99°30'12"W) Estado de Mexico (19°22'41"N; 99°59'39"W) Michoacan (19°41'-19°32'N; 101°27'-101°53'W) Estado de Mexico (19°26'54"N; 99°59'32"W) Nayarit (21°46'42"N; 104°55'36"W) Estado de Mexico (19°21'5"N; 99°21'55"W) Estado de Mexico (not located) Estado de Mexico (19°1 1'15"N; 99°23'56"W) Estado de Mexico (19°48'N; 99°46'W) Estado de Mexico (19°26'28"N; 100°4'33"W) Michoacan (19°21'14"-19°29'32"N; 101°30'33"-101°46'15"W) original marine ancestors. The parasite fauna must also have evolved and diversified during this period of isolation, the current assemblage of endemic helminth species being the product of these evolutionary processes. To the extent to which the fish species adapted to these environments and speciated within them, so did their helminth communities, with some being lost and others developing in the new hosts. In other words, both the fish of the Lerma-Santiago river basin, and their parasites developed in isolation. The fish parasite fauna of this basin is also enriched through colonization by allogenic species transported by birds. As a result, the fish helminth communities in the basin have an abundant (14 of the total 43 species) component of allogenic species that mature in, and are transported by, birds: C. complanatum, Diplostomum sp., P. minimum, C. formosanus, L. intestinalis, C. cf. ralli, P. caballeroi, P. cf. urseus, P. cochlearii, V. campylancristrota, V. mutabilis, Eustrongylid.es sp., Contracaecum sp., and P. brevis, most of which occur throughout the American continent or are cosmopolitan. Many factors may have favored this colonization. They include the small size of the fish in this basin, their gregarious habits, their shallow water habitat, their status in the food web, and Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
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Volume 68 July 2001 Number 2 Former
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Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
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CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF
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length did not exceed 1.2 mm. By da
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Page 35 and 36: ange of host species, but most coll
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Page 43 and 44: south-central New York salamanders.
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Page 77 and 78: methods of fixation had not been kn
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RESEARCH NOTES 257 Table 1. Mean wo
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, D. Iglesias, and B. Fried. 1986.
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most being found in segment 4 (jeju
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RESEARCH NOTES 263 Table 1. Helmint
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RESEARCH NOTES 267 Table 1. Numbers
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Kharchenko, V. A., G. M. Dvojnos, a
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id s „ ~ 55 **5 | «§ u ' *^ U
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(Nematoda). Except for H. tursionis
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RESEARCH NOTES 275 Figure 1. Cephal
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c Tj ;^ fn in ON o m ON "3 s ON gcd
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ticeps (Rudolphi, 1819), which also
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Nieto reviewed recent advances in t
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Adenomera hylaedactyla, 21 Algansea
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Honorary Membership, 282 Life Membe
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Schrankiana larvata, 21 Schrankiana
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*Edna M. Buhrer "Mildred A. Doss *
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