Comparative Parasitology 68(2) 2001 - Peru State College

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162 COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, 68(2), JULY 2001 Figure 4. Comparisons of relaxed and in situ-fixed specimens of Oochoristicajavaensis. A-D. Distorting effects of in situ fixation on scolices and proglottids. E-H. Relaxed specimens. Bars = 200 (xm for A, B, E, and F (differential interference contrast). Bars = 500 (Jim for C, D, G, and H (brightfield). ly masked within the artificial variation induced by in situ fixation. Characters that do not reflect their natural variation should not be used to describe species. Oochoristica spp. recovered from fixed museum hosts may provide historical abundance data, but identification of these specimens should be made with extreme caution, and ideally, in conjunction with specimens fixed appropriately. Intensity effects were examined because a crowding effect has been documented as a cause of variation in the size of tapeworms (Read, 1951), and because of the occurrence of different intensities in naturally infected H. turcicus. PCA for the intensity data set produced 1 factor in which all 8 variables loaded high (Table 3); therefore, individual proglottids with large measurement values received high factor scores. Although not quantified, there was no apparent crowding effect observed for natural infections with intensities between 1 and 15. Tapeworms from an intensity of 15 had significantly greater factor scores than specimens from 28 and 64 (Fig. 2), thus indicating that crowding reduces the size of the respective morphological characters (Table 4) in O. javaensis. Brooks and Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington Mayes (1976) reported similar crowding effects for O. bivitellobata recovered from the prairie racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus Lowe, 1966. Their results and ours, however, should be considered only preliminary for 2 reasons. First, data were obtained from natural infections; thus other factors that induce variation were not controlled. Second, the intensity levels were not replicated. Ideally, one would wish to sample tapeworms from multiple hosts harboring all possible intensity levels. Both reports, however, suggest that morphological characters for species of Oochoristica can be variable and may be subject to intensity levels. Measurements of the 10 0. javaensis specimens given in Table 5 extend the ranges of several characters provided in the original description of O. javaensis (Kennedy et al., 1982). These measurements were based on specimens with little or no contraction and are provided to give a representation of O. javaensis collected from H. turcicus in southeastern Louisiana. Means of several characters (Table 5) do not match those provided by Kennedy et al. (1982); however, based on the lack of host specificity displayed in laboratory experiments (Criscione
and Font, 2001), the indication of plasticity in morphological characters (Table 4), and the examination of O. javaensis paratypes, it was determined that the specimens from H. turcicus in southeastern Louisiana were O. javaensis. In summary, statistical analyses demonstrated that measurements of in situ-fixed tapeworms, i.e., specimens recovered from preserved hosts, distorted the true natural variation of O. javaensis. The intraspecific variation of several species of Oochoristica may be misrepresented because they were described from highly contracted, in situ-fixed specimens. Additionally, morphological characters used in the taxonomy of Oochoristica have not been examined for their stability when exposed to different environmental or host-induced conditions. Our analyses indicated that proglottid morphology was highly variable and that this plasticity may have resulted from crowding. Acknowledgments We extend our thanks to Dr. Murray Kennedy and Dr. Bruce Conn for loaning us specimens of Oochoristica from their private collections, and to Judith Price at the CMNPA and Pat Pilitt, Dr. Eric Hoberg, and Dr. Ralph Lichtenfels at the USNPC for their assistance and loan of specimens. CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF OOCHORISTICA JAVAENSIS 163 Notice of Dues Increase Literature Cited Bakke, T. A. 1988. Morphology of adult Phyllodistomum umblae (Fabricius) (Platyhelminthes, Gorgoderidae): the effect of preparation, killing and fixation procedures. Zoologica Scripta 17:1-13. Brooks, D. R., and M. A. Mayes. 1976. Morphological variation in natural infections of Oochoristica bivitellobata Loewen, 1940 (Cestoidea: Anoplocephalidae). Transactions of the Nebraska Academy of Sciences 3:20-21. Criscione, C. D., and W. F. Font. 2001. Development and specificity of Oochoristica javaensis (Eucestoda: Cyclophyllidea: Anoplocephalidae: Linstowiinae). Comparative Parasitology 68:149-155. Hair, J. F., Jr., R. E. Anderson, R. L. Tatham, and W. C. Black. 1999. Multivariate Data Analysis, 5th ed. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, U.S.A. 730 pp. Haley, A. J. 1962. Role of host relationships in the systematics of helminth parasites. Journal of Parasitology 48:671-678. Kennedy, M. J., L. M. Killick, and M. Beverley- Burton. 1982. Oochoristica javaensis n. sp. (Eucestoda: Linstowiidae) from Gehyra mutilata and other gekkonid lizards (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) from Java, Indonesia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60:2459-2463. Read, C. P. 1951. The "crowding effect" in tapeworm infections. Journal of Parasitology 37:174-178. Stunkard, H. W. 1957. Intraspecific variation in parasitic flatworms. Systematic Zoology 6:7-18. At the January 2001 meeting of the Helminthological Society of Washington, the Society voted to increase the membership dues to US$30.00 for individual U.S. members and to US$33.00 for individual foreign members. Institution subscription rates will increase as follows: US$55.00 (U.S.A.), US$57.00 (Canada and Mexico), US$60.00 (all other countries). This is the first dues increase in six years and is necessitated by increased management costs to the Society. The increases will take effect in January, 2002. Copyright © 2011, The Helminthological Society of Washington
Page 1 and 2: Volume 68 July 2001 Number 2 Former
Page 3 and 4: Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 1
Page 5 and 6: CRISCIONE AND FONT—DEVELOPMENT OF
Page 7 and 8: length did not exceed 1.2 mm. By da
Page 9 and 10: Agamidae) from Australia. Journal o
Page 11 and 12: infection with O. javaensis (C. D.
Page 13 and 14: CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
Page 15: CRISCIONE AND FONT—VARIATION OF O
Page 19 and 20: U.S.A. (42°59'N; 88°21'W). Ten to
Page 21 and 22: Table 2. Prevalence (Pr) and Rana c
Page 23 and 24: transmission dynamics of these 3 tr
Page 25 and 26: 196 in G. W. Esch, A. O. Bush, and
Page 29 and 30: filariae of S. fallisensis was simi
Page 33 and 34: CARRENO ET AL.—DEER PARASITES IN
Page 35 and 36: ange of host species, but most coll
Page 37 and 38: Oestridae). Canadian Journal of Zoo
Page 41 and 42: JOY AND TUCKER—SALAMANDER PARASIT
Page 43 and 44: south-central New York salamanders.
Page 45 and 46: AGUIRRE-MACEDO ET AL.—ENDOHELMINT
Page 51 and 52: Table 1. Helminths found in freshwa
Page 53 and 54: •o d c o U rH CB 3 C8 H °Q 0 W T
Page 55 and 56: da-Lopez et al., 1985; Leon, 1992;
Page 57 and 58: especie del genero Goezici Zeder, 1
Page 59 and 60: JALISCO SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—
Page 61 and 62: SALGADO-MALDONADO ET AL.—HELMINTH
Page 63 and 64: Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
Page 65 and 66: Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
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Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
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Table 3. Continued. Number of hosts
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tudio helmintologico de Chirostoma
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Comp. Parasitol. 68(2), 2001, pp. 2
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CURRAN ET AL.—TWO VIETNAMESE SNAK
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methods of fixation had not been kn
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tion) but were in independent later
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tylidae Poche: Part 2. A contributi
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABD1AS AMBYSTOMAE
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KUZMIN ET AL.—RHABDIAS AMBYSTOMAE
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Literature Cited Baker, M. R. 1978.
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Figure 1. Spores of Myxobolus gibbo
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CONE—DIAGNOSIS OF MYXOBOLUS 239 F
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Literature Cited Cone, D. K., and R
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G1BLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
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- GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR C
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GIBLIN-DAVIS ET AL.—CUTICULAR CHA
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PAOLA AND DAMBORENEA—TEGUMENT OF
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RESEARCH NOTES 257 Table 1. Mean wo
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, D. Iglesias, and B. Fried. 1986.
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most being found in segment 4 (jeju
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RESEARCH NOTES 263 Table 1. Helmint
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RESEARCH NOTES 267 Table 1. Numbers
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Kharchenko, V. A., G. M. Dvojnos, a
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id s „ ~ 55 **5 | «§ u ' *^ U
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(Nematoda). Except for H. tursionis
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RESEARCH NOTES 275 Figure 1. Cephal
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c Tj ;^ fn in ON o m ON "3 s ON gcd
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ticeps (Rudolphi, 1819), which also
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Nieto reviewed recent advances in t
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Adenomera hylaedactyla, 21 Algansea
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Honorary Membership, 282 Life Membe
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Schrankiana larvata, 21 Schrankiana
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*Edna M. Buhrer "Mildred A. Doss *
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